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Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process
The paper presents new reactive materials, namely marl and travertine, and their thermal modifications and the Polonite(®) material, analyzing their phosphorus removal from water and wastewater by sorption. Based on the experimental data, an analysis of the factors influencing the sorption capacity...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36770230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031225 |
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author | Gubernat, Sylwia Masłoń, Adam Czarnota, Joanna Koszelnik, Piotr Chutkowski, Marcin Tupaj, Mirosław Gumieniak, Justyna Kramek, Agnieszka Galek, Tomasz |
author_facet | Gubernat, Sylwia Masłoń, Adam Czarnota, Joanna Koszelnik, Piotr Chutkowski, Marcin Tupaj, Mirosław Gumieniak, Justyna Kramek, Agnieszka Galek, Tomasz |
author_sort | Gubernat, Sylwia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The paper presents new reactive materials, namely marl and travertine, and their thermal modifications and the Polonite(®) material, analyzing their phosphorus removal from water and wastewater by sorption. Based on the experimental data, an analysis of the factors influencing the sorption capacity of the materials, such as the material dose, pH of the initial solution, process temperature, surface structure, and morphology, was performed. Adsorption isotherms and maximum sorption capacities were determined with the use of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, Tóth, Radke–Praunitz, and Marczewski–Jaroniec models. The kinetics of the phosphorus sorption process of the tested materials were described using reversible and irreversible pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and mixed models. The natural materials were the most sensitive to changes in the process conditions, such as temperature and pH. The thermal treatment process stabilizes the marl and travertine towards materials with a more homogeneous surface in terms of energy and structure. The fitted models of the adsorption isotherms and kinetic models allowed for an indication of a possible phosphorus-binding mechanism, as well as the maximum amount of this element that can be retained on the materials’ surface under given conditions—raw marl (43.89 mg P/g), raw travertine (140.48 mg P/g), heated marl (80.44 mg P/g), heated travertine (282.34 mg P/g), and Polonite(®) (54.33 mg P/g). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9920275 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99202752023-02-12 Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process Gubernat, Sylwia Masłoń, Adam Czarnota, Joanna Koszelnik, Piotr Chutkowski, Marcin Tupaj, Mirosław Gumieniak, Justyna Kramek, Agnieszka Galek, Tomasz Materials (Basel) Article The paper presents new reactive materials, namely marl and travertine, and their thermal modifications and the Polonite(®) material, analyzing their phosphorus removal from water and wastewater by sorption. Based on the experimental data, an analysis of the factors influencing the sorption capacity of the materials, such as the material dose, pH of the initial solution, process temperature, surface structure, and morphology, was performed. Adsorption isotherms and maximum sorption capacities were determined with the use of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, Tóth, Radke–Praunitz, and Marczewski–Jaroniec models. The kinetics of the phosphorus sorption process of the tested materials were described using reversible and irreversible pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and mixed models. The natural materials were the most sensitive to changes in the process conditions, such as temperature and pH. The thermal treatment process stabilizes the marl and travertine towards materials with a more homogeneous surface in terms of energy and structure. The fitted models of the adsorption isotherms and kinetic models allowed for an indication of a possible phosphorus-binding mechanism, as well as the maximum amount of this element that can be retained on the materials’ surface under given conditions—raw marl (43.89 mg P/g), raw travertine (140.48 mg P/g), heated marl (80.44 mg P/g), heated travertine (282.34 mg P/g), and Polonite(®) (54.33 mg P/g). MDPI 2023-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9920275/ /pubmed/36770230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031225 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gubernat, Sylwia Masłoń, Adam Czarnota, Joanna Koszelnik, Piotr Chutkowski, Marcin Tupaj, Mirosław Gumieniak, Justyna Kramek, Agnieszka Galek, Tomasz Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title | Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title_full | Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title_fullStr | Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title_short | Removal of Phosphorus with the Use of Marl and Travertine and Their Thermally Modified Forms—Factors Affecting the Sorption Capacity of Materials and the Kinetics of the Sorption Process |
title_sort | removal of phosphorus with the use of marl and travertine and their thermally modified forms—factors affecting the sorption capacity of materials and the kinetics of the sorption process |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36770230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031225 |
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