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Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks

The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of the most important non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocols in 5G and 6G networks that incorporate code division within the context of 3GPP standardization. The article’s objective is also to look into and compare the various st...

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Autores principales: Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer, Al-Dulaimi, Aymen Mohammed Khodayer, Alexandra, Maiduc Osiceanu, Al-Dulaimi, Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36772746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031705
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author Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer
Al-Dulaimi, Aymen Mohammed Khodayer
Alexandra, Maiduc Osiceanu
Al-Dulaimi, Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
author_facet Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer
Al-Dulaimi, Aymen Mohammed Khodayer
Alexandra, Maiduc Osiceanu
Al-Dulaimi, Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
author_sort Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of the most important non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocols in 5G and 6G networks that incorporate code division within the context of 3GPP standardization. The article’s objective is also to look into and compare the various strategies that have been proposed as a solution to the issue of resource distribution to achieve high performance. Many different NOMA plans for 5G and 6G systems have been suggested by a multitude of businesses. NOMA is currently developing in two primary directions: one of them is with power division, and the other is with code division. During the process of standardization carried out by the 3GPP, the attention of the developers was concentrated in the second direction for the application of NOMA schemes in 5G and 6G systems. Hardware communication, also known as D2D communication, performs a significant role in the process of communication between devices. This will increase the efficiency with which network resources are utilized. Devices are now able to interact directly with one another, avoiding the need for transmission nodes. It also serves as one of the approaches to the problem of limited network coverage, which can be improved by utilizing D2D, and as a result fees and energy can be reduced. Increasing the size of the network is one way to achieve this goal, the explained of NOMA technology as well as its primary benefits in wireless technology. The most common variants of code division NOMA and the characteristics of those variants are discussed, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing those variants. NOMA protocols allow continuous expansion of wireless communication networks, i.e., 5G and 6G, which leads to enhanced performance of the networks.
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spelling pubmed-99204572023-02-12 Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer Al-Dulaimi, Aymen Mohammed Khodayer Alexandra, Maiduc Osiceanu Al-Dulaimi, Mohammed Khodayer Hassan Sensors (Basel) Article The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of the most important non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocols in 5G and 6G networks that incorporate code division within the context of 3GPP standardization. The article’s objective is also to look into and compare the various strategies that have been proposed as a solution to the issue of resource distribution to achieve high performance. Many different NOMA plans for 5G and 6G systems have been suggested by a multitude of businesses. NOMA is currently developing in two primary directions: one of them is with power division, and the other is with code division. During the process of standardization carried out by the 3GPP, the attention of the developers was concentrated in the second direction for the application of NOMA schemes in 5G and 6G systems. Hardware communication, also known as D2D communication, performs a significant role in the process of communication between devices. This will increase the efficiency with which network resources are utilized. Devices are now able to interact directly with one another, avoiding the need for transmission nodes. It also serves as one of the approaches to the problem of limited network coverage, which can be improved by utilizing D2D, and as a result fees and energy can be reduced. Increasing the size of the network is one way to achieve this goal, the explained of NOMA technology as well as its primary benefits in wireless technology. The most common variants of code division NOMA and the characteristics of those variants are discussed, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing those variants. NOMA protocols allow continuous expansion of wireless communication networks, i.e., 5G and 6G, which leads to enhanced performance of the networks. MDPI 2023-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9920457/ /pubmed/36772746 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031705 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Al-Dulaimi, Omer Mohammed Khodayer
Al-Dulaimi, Aymen Mohammed Khodayer
Alexandra, Maiduc Osiceanu
Al-Dulaimi, Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title_full Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title_fullStr Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title_full_unstemmed Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title_short Strategy for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and Performance in 5G and 6G Networks
title_sort strategy for non-orthogonal multiple access and performance in 5g and 6g networks
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36772746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031705
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