Impact of bone-implant gap size on the interfacial osseointegration: an in vivo study

BACKGROUND: The bone-implant gap resulted from morphological mismatch between cervical bony endplates and implant footprint may have adverse impact on bone-implant interfacial osseointegration of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of bone-implant gap size on the interfacial osseointegration in a rabbit animal model. METHODS: A series of round-plate implants with different teeth depth (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm) was specifically designed. A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly categorized into four groups by the implants they received (0.5 mm: group A, 1.0 mm: group B, 1.5 mm: group C, 2.0 mm: group D). At 4(th) and 12(th) week after surgery, animals were sacrificed. Micro-CT, acid fuchsin and methylene blue staining and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were conducted. RESULTS: At 4(th) week and 12(th) week after surgery, both micro-CT and HE staining showed more new bone formation and larger bone coverage in group A and group B than that in group C and group D. At 12(th) week, the bone biometric parameters were significantly superior in group C when compared with group D (p < 0.05). At 12(th) week, hard tissue slicing demonstrated larger portion of direct contact of new bone to the HA coating in group A and group B. CONCLUSIONS: Bone-implant gap size larger than 1.0 mm negatively affected bone-implant osseointegration between compact bone and HA coated implant surface.