Imbedding Pd Nanoparticles into Porous In(2)O(3) Structure for Enhanced Low-Concentration Methane Sensing

Methane (CH(4)), as the main component of natural gas and coal mine gas, is widely used in daily life and industrial processes and its leakage always causes undesirable misadventures. Thus, the rapid detection of low concentration methane is quite necessary. However, due to its robust chemical stability resulting from the strong tetrahedral-symmetry structure, the methane molecules are usually chemically inert to the sensing layers in detectors, making the rapid and efficient alert a big challenge. In this work, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) embedded indium oxide porous hollow tubes (In(2)O(3) PHTs) were successfully synthesized using Pd@MIL-68 (In) MOFs as precursors. All In(2)O(3)-based samples derived from Pd@MIL-68 (In) MOFs inherited the morphology of the precursors and exhibited the feature of hexagonal hollow tubes with porous architecture. The gas-sensing performances to 5000 ppm CH(4) were evaluated and it was found that Pd@In(2)O(3)-2 gave the best response (R(a)/R(g) = 23.2) at 370 °C, which was 15.5 times higher than that of pristine-In(2)O(3) sensors. In addition, the sensing materials also showed superior selectivity against interfering gases and a rather short response/recovery time of 7 s/5 s. The enhancement in sensing performances of Pd@In(2)O(3)-2 could be attributed to the large surface area, rich porosity, abundant oxygen vacancies and the catalytic function of Pd NPs.