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Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand

BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants in rivers and marine environments. Rivers can be sources and sinks of MPs that enter the biota. Previous studies focusing on freshwater species are quite limited, especially for gastropods. Freshwater gastropods are essential to aquatic ecosystems becau...

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Autores principales: Jitkaew, Preyanuch, Pradit, Siriporn, Noppradit, Prakrit, Sengloyluan, Karnda, Yucharoen, Mathinee, Suwanno, Suvit, Tanrattanakul, Varaporn, Sornplang, Kittiwara, Nitiratsuwan, Thongchai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9921971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36785706
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14861
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author Jitkaew, Preyanuch
Pradit, Siriporn
Noppradit, Prakrit
Sengloyluan, Karnda
Yucharoen, Mathinee
Suwanno, Suvit
Tanrattanakul, Varaporn
Sornplang, Kittiwara
Nitiratsuwan, Thongchai
author_facet Jitkaew, Preyanuch
Pradit, Siriporn
Noppradit, Prakrit
Sengloyluan, Karnda
Yucharoen, Mathinee
Suwanno, Suvit
Tanrattanakul, Varaporn
Sornplang, Kittiwara
Nitiratsuwan, Thongchai
author_sort Jitkaew, Preyanuch
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants in rivers and marine environments. Rivers can be sources and sinks of MPs that enter the biota. Previous studies focusing on freshwater species are quite limited, especially for gastropods. Freshwater gastropods are essential to aquatic ecosystems because they are food to other aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. They are a crucial link in the food chain between water resources and human food. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate MP accumulation in freshwater gastropods, commonly known as snails (Filopaludina sumatrensis speciosa and Pomacea canaliculata), in a river flowing into a shallow coastal lagoon. METHOD: In this study, snail tissue samples were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 24 h. MP particles were identified, counted, and characterized (shape, size, and color) by visual identification under a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, polymer-type identification was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The MPs found were as follows: 4.76 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa upstream, 5.20 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa downstream, 7.28 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata upstream, and 4.00 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata downstream. It was found in the two-way ANOVA that the accumulation of MPs in gastropods was affected by species and study sites (upstream and downstream). There was a significant difference in the amount of MPs in P. canaliculata between upstream and downstream sites (p = 0.003). Fibers were the most common MPs in both species. Moreover, P. canaliculata upstream had the most significant amount of MPs. The smallest amount of MPs was recorded for P. canaliculata downstream, but there was great diversity in shape, size, and polymer type. MPs sized 500 μm(–1) mm were the most common in both species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed six polymers: poly (ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, rayon, polyethyleneimine, polyamine, and poly (propylene: ethylene). The occurrence of MPs in gastropods is alarming for food security in Thailand. The results of this study can be used to support baseline data on MP accumulation among freshwater gastropods.
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spelling pubmed-99219712023-02-12 Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand Jitkaew, Preyanuch Pradit, Siriporn Noppradit, Prakrit Sengloyluan, Karnda Yucharoen, Mathinee Suwanno, Suvit Tanrattanakul, Varaporn Sornplang, Kittiwara Nitiratsuwan, Thongchai PeerJ Ecology BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants in rivers and marine environments. Rivers can be sources and sinks of MPs that enter the biota. Previous studies focusing on freshwater species are quite limited, especially for gastropods. Freshwater gastropods are essential to aquatic ecosystems because they are food to other aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. They are a crucial link in the food chain between water resources and human food. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate MP accumulation in freshwater gastropods, commonly known as snails (Filopaludina sumatrensis speciosa and Pomacea canaliculata), in a river flowing into a shallow coastal lagoon. METHOD: In this study, snail tissue samples were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The mixture was heated at 60 °C for 24 h. MP particles were identified, counted, and characterized (shape, size, and color) by visual identification under a stereomicroscope. Furthermore, polymer-type identification was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The MPs found were as follows: 4.76 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa upstream, 5.20 particles/individual were found in F. sumatrensis speciosa downstream, 7.28 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata upstream, and 4.00 particles/individual were found in P. canaliculata downstream. It was found in the two-way ANOVA that the accumulation of MPs in gastropods was affected by species and study sites (upstream and downstream). There was a significant difference in the amount of MPs in P. canaliculata between upstream and downstream sites (p = 0.003). Fibers were the most common MPs in both species. Moreover, P. canaliculata upstream had the most significant amount of MPs. The smallest amount of MPs was recorded for P. canaliculata downstream, but there was great diversity in shape, size, and polymer type. MPs sized 500 μm(–1) mm were the most common in both species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed six polymers: poly (ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, rayon, polyethyleneimine, polyamine, and poly (propylene: ethylene). The occurrence of MPs in gastropods is alarming for food security in Thailand. The results of this study can be used to support baseline data on MP accumulation among freshwater gastropods. PeerJ Inc. 2023-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9921971/ /pubmed/36785706 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14861 Text en © 2023 Jitkaew et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Jitkaew, Preyanuch
Pradit, Siriporn
Noppradit, Prakrit
Sengloyluan, Karnda
Yucharoen, Mathinee
Suwanno, Suvit
Tanrattanakul, Varaporn
Sornplang, Kittiwara
Nitiratsuwan, Thongchai
Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title_full Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title_fullStr Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title_short Occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river U-Taphao, southern Thailand
title_sort occurrence of microplastics in freshwater gastropods from a tropical river u-taphao, southern thailand
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9921971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36785706
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14861
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