Development of Photoluminescent and Photochromic Polyester Nanocomposite Reinforced with Electrospun Glass Nanofibers

A polyester resin was strengthened with electrospun glass nanofibers to create long-lasting photochromic and photoluminescent products, such as smart windows and concrete, as well as anti-counterfeiting patterns. A transparent glass@polyester (GLS@PET) sheet was created by physically immobilizing lanthanide-doped aluminate (LA) nanoparticles (NPs). The spectral analysis using the CIE Lab and luminescence revealed that the transparent GLS@PET samples turned green under ultraviolet light and greenish-yellow in the dark. The detected photochromism can be quickly reversed in the photoluminescent GLS@PET hybrids at low concentrations of LANPs. Conversely, the GLS@PET substrates with the highest phosphor concentrations exhibited sustained luminosity with slow reversibility. Transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to examine the morphological features of lanthanide-doped aluminate nanoparticles (LANPs) and glass nanofibers to display diameters of 7–15 nm and 90–140 nm, respectively. SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyze the luminous GLS@PET substrates for their morphology and elemental composition. The glass nanofibers were reinforced into the polyester resin as a roughening agent to improve its mechanical properties. Scratch resistance was found to be significantly increased in the created photoluminescent GLS@PET substrates when compared with the LANPs-free substrate. When excited at 368 nm, the observed photoluminescence spectra showed an emission peak at 518 nm. The results demonstrated improved hydrophobicity and UV blocking properties in the luminescent colorless GLS@PET hybrids.