Determination of Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force Spectroscopy
[Image: see text] Nowadays, many applications in diverse fields are taking advantage of micropillars such as optics, tribology, biology, and biomedical engineering. Among them, one of the most attractive is three-dimensional microelectrode arrays for in vivo and in vitro studies, such as cellular re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
|
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9923676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36706051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21921 |
_version_ | 1784887767103176704 |
---|---|
author | Cortelli, Giorgio Grob, Leroy Patruno, Luca Cramer, Tobias Mayer, Dirk Fraboni, Beatrice Wolfrum, Bernhard de Miranda, Stefano |
author_facet | Cortelli, Giorgio Grob, Leroy Patruno, Luca Cramer, Tobias Mayer, Dirk Fraboni, Beatrice Wolfrum, Bernhard de Miranda, Stefano |
author_sort | Cortelli, Giorgio |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Nowadays, many applications in diverse fields are taking advantage of micropillars such as optics, tribology, biology, and biomedical engineering. Among them, one of the most attractive is three-dimensional microelectrode arrays for in vivo and in vitro studies, such as cellular recording, biosensors, and drug delivery. Depending on the application, the micropillar’s optimal mechanical response ranges from soft to stiff. For long-term implantable devices, a mechanical mismatch between the micropillars and the biological tissue must be avoided. For drug delivery patches, micropillars must penetrate the skin without breaking or bending. The accurate mechanical characterization of the micropillar is pivotal in the fabrication and optimization of such devices, as it determines whether the device will fail or not. In this work, we demonstrate an experimental method based only on atomic force microscopy–force spectroscopy that allows us to measure the stiffness of a micropillar and the elastic modulus of its constituent material. We test our method with four different types of 3D inkjet-printed micropillars: silver micropillars sintered at 100 and 150 °C and polyacrylate microstructures with and without a metallic coating. The estimated elastic moduli are found to be comparable with the corresponding bulk values. Furthermore, our findings show that neither the sintering temperature nor the presence of a thin metal coating plays a major role in defining the mechanical properties of the micropillar. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9923676 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99236762023-02-14 Determination of Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force Spectroscopy Cortelli, Giorgio Grob, Leroy Patruno, Luca Cramer, Tobias Mayer, Dirk Fraboni, Beatrice Wolfrum, Bernhard de Miranda, Stefano ACS Appl Mater Interfaces [Image: see text] Nowadays, many applications in diverse fields are taking advantage of micropillars such as optics, tribology, biology, and biomedical engineering. Among them, one of the most attractive is three-dimensional microelectrode arrays for in vivo and in vitro studies, such as cellular recording, biosensors, and drug delivery. Depending on the application, the micropillar’s optimal mechanical response ranges from soft to stiff. For long-term implantable devices, a mechanical mismatch between the micropillars and the biological tissue must be avoided. For drug delivery patches, micropillars must penetrate the skin without breaking or bending. The accurate mechanical characterization of the micropillar is pivotal in the fabrication and optimization of such devices, as it determines whether the device will fail or not. In this work, we demonstrate an experimental method based only on atomic force microscopy–force spectroscopy that allows us to measure the stiffness of a micropillar and the elastic modulus of its constituent material. We test our method with four different types of 3D inkjet-printed micropillars: silver micropillars sintered at 100 and 150 °C and polyacrylate microstructures with and without a metallic coating. The estimated elastic moduli are found to be comparable with the corresponding bulk values. Furthermore, our findings show that neither the sintering temperature nor the presence of a thin metal coating plays a major role in defining the mechanical properties of the micropillar. American Chemical Society 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9923676/ /pubmed/36706051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21921 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Cortelli, Giorgio Grob, Leroy Patruno, Luca Cramer, Tobias Mayer, Dirk Fraboni, Beatrice Wolfrum, Bernhard de Miranda, Stefano Determination of Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force Spectroscopy |
title | Determination of
Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus
of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force
Spectroscopy |
title_full | Determination of
Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus
of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force
Spectroscopy |
title_fullStr | Determination of
Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus
of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force
Spectroscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Determination of
Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus
of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force
Spectroscopy |
title_short | Determination of
Stiffness and the Elastic Modulus
of 3D-Printed Micropillars with Atomic Force Microscopy–Force
Spectroscopy |
title_sort | determination of
stiffness and the elastic modulus
of 3d-printed micropillars with atomic force microscopy–force
spectroscopy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9923676/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36706051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21921 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cortelligiorgio determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT grobleroy determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT patrunoluca determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT cramertobias determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT mayerdirk determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT frabonibeatrice determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT wolfrumbernhard determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy AT demirandastefano determinationofstiffnessandtheelasticmodulusof3dprintedmicropillarswithatomicforcemicroscopyforcespectroscopy |