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Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise

PURPOSE: The aim of this audit was to assess the representation of female athletes within the literature that has led to current guidelines for carbohydrate (CHO) intake in the acute periods surrounding exercise and the quality of this research. METHODS: We conducted a standardized audit of research...

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Autores principales: KUIKMAN, MEGAN A., SMITH, ELLA S., MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A., ACKERMAN, KATHRYN E., HARRIS, RACHEL, ELLIOTT-SALE, KIRSTY J., STELLINGWERFF, TRENT, BURKE, LOUISE M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36251373
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003056
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author KUIKMAN, MEGAN A.
SMITH, ELLA S.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
ACKERMAN, KATHRYN E.
HARRIS, RACHEL
ELLIOTT-SALE, KIRSTY J.
STELLINGWERFF, TRENT
BURKE, LOUISE M.
author_facet KUIKMAN, MEGAN A.
SMITH, ELLA S.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
ACKERMAN, KATHRYN E.
HARRIS, RACHEL
ELLIOTT-SALE, KIRSTY J.
STELLINGWERFF, TRENT
BURKE, LOUISE M.
author_sort KUIKMAN, MEGAN A.
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: The aim of this audit was to assess the representation of female athletes within the literature that has led to current guidelines for carbohydrate (CHO) intake in the acute periods surrounding exercise and the quality of this research. METHODS: We conducted a standardized audit of research assessing CHO loading protocols, CHO mouth rinse, and CHO intake before, during, and after exercise. RESULTS: A total of 937 studies were identified in this audit. There were a total of 11,202 participants across these studies, with only ~11% being women. Most studies involved male-only cohorts (~79%), with a mere 38 studies (~4%) involving female-only cohorts and 14 studies (~2%) including a methodological design for comparison of sex-based responses. The frequent use of incorrect terminology surrounding menstrual status and the failure of most studies (~69%) to provide sufficient information on the menstrual status of participants suggests incomplete understanding and concern for female-specific considerations among researchers. Of the 197 studies that included women, only 13 (~7%) provided evidence of acceptable methodological control of ovarian hormones, and no study met all best-practice recommendations. Of these 13 studies, only half also provided sufficient information regarding the athletic caliber of participants. The topics that received such scrutiny were CHO loading protocols and CHO intake during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The literature that underpins the current guidelines for CHO intake in the acute periods around exercise is lacking in high-quality research that can contribute knowledge specific to the female athlete and sex-based differences. New research that considers ovarian hormones and sex-based differences is needed to ensure that the recommendations for acute CHO fueling provided to female athletes are evidence based.
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spelling pubmed-99249692023-02-14 Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise KUIKMAN, MEGAN A. SMITH, ELLA S. MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A. ACKERMAN, KATHRYN E. HARRIS, RACHEL ELLIOTT-SALE, KIRSTY J. STELLINGWERFF, TRENT BURKE, LOUISE M. Med Sci Sports Exerc Applied Sciences PURPOSE: The aim of this audit was to assess the representation of female athletes within the literature that has led to current guidelines for carbohydrate (CHO) intake in the acute periods surrounding exercise and the quality of this research. METHODS: We conducted a standardized audit of research assessing CHO loading protocols, CHO mouth rinse, and CHO intake before, during, and after exercise. RESULTS: A total of 937 studies were identified in this audit. There were a total of 11,202 participants across these studies, with only ~11% being women. Most studies involved male-only cohorts (~79%), with a mere 38 studies (~4%) involving female-only cohorts and 14 studies (~2%) including a methodological design for comparison of sex-based responses. The frequent use of incorrect terminology surrounding menstrual status and the failure of most studies (~69%) to provide sufficient information on the menstrual status of participants suggests incomplete understanding and concern for female-specific considerations among researchers. Of the 197 studies that included women, only 13 (~7%) provided evidence of acceptable methodological control of ovarian hormones, and no study met all best-practice recommendations. Of these 13 studies, only half also provided sufficient information regarding the athletic caliber of participants. The topics that received such scrutiny were CHO loading protocols and CHO intake during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The literature that underpins the current guidelines for CHO intake in the acute periods around exercise is lacking in high-quality research that can contribute knowledge specific to the female athlete and sex-based differences. New research that considers ovarian hormones and sex-based differences is needed to ensure that the recommendations for acute CHO fueling provided to female athletes are evidence based. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2023-03 2022-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9924969/ /pubmed/36251373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003056 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle Applied Sciences
KUIKMAN, MEGAN A.
SMITH, ELLA S.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
ACKERMAN, KATHRYN E.
HARRIS, RACHEL
ELLIOTT-SALE, KIRSTY J.
STELLINGWERFF, TRENT
BURKE, LOUISE M.
Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title_full Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title_fullStr Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title_short Fueling the Female Athlete: Auditing Her Representation in Studies of Acute Carbohydrate Intake for Exercise
title_sort fueling the female athlete: auditing her representation in studies of acute carbohydrate intake for exercise
topic Applied Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36251373
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003056
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