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Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis

Tongkat ali commonly known as Malaysian Ginseng (Eurycoma longifolia) is a herbal root worldwide available in nutraceuticals, either as a crude powder or capsules blended with other herbal products. Herein, a multiplexed metabolomics approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-phase...

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Autores principales: Serag, Ahmed, Zayed, Ahmed, Mediani, Ahmed, Farag, Mohamed A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9925447/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36781893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28551-x
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author Serag, Ahmed
Zayed, Ahmed
Mediani, Ahmed
Farag, Mohamed A.
author_facet Serag, Ahmed
Zayed, Ahmed
Mediani, Ahmed
Farag, Mohamed A.
author_sort Serag, Ahmed
collection PubMed
description Tongkat ali commonly known as Malaysian Ginseng (Eurycoma longifolia) is a herbal root worldwide available in nutraceuticals, either as a crude powder or capsules blended with other herbal products. Herein, a multiplexed metabolomics approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) was applied for authentic tongkat ali extract vs some commercial products quality control analysis. NMR metabolite fingerprinting identified 15 major metabolites mostly ascribed to sugars, organic and fatty acids in addition to quassinoids and cinnamates. Following that, multivariate analysis as the non-supervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied revealing that differences were related to fatty acids and 13,21-dihydroeurycomanone being more enriched in authentic root. SPME–GC–MS aroma profiling led to the identification of 59 volatiles belonging mainly to alcohols, aldehydes/furans and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Results revealed that aroma of commercial products showed relatively different profiles being rich in vanillin, maltol, and methyl octanoate. Whereas E-cinnamaldehyde, endo-borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and benzaldehyde were more associated to the authentic product. The present study shed the light for the potential of metabolomics in authentication and standardization of tongkat ali and identification of its true flavor composition.
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spelling pubmed-99254472023-02-15 Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis Serag, Ahmed Zayed, Ahmed Mediani, Ahmed Farag, Mohamed A. Sci Rep Article Tongkat ali commonly known as Malaysian Ginseng (Eurycoma longifolia) is a herbal root worldwide available in nutraceuticals, either as a crude powder or capsules blended with other herbal products. Herein, a multiplexed metabolomics approach based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) was applied for authentic tongkat ali extract vs some commercial products quality control analysis. NMR metabolite fingerprinting identified 15 major metabolites mostly ascribed to sugars, organic and fatty acids in addition to quassinoids and cinnamates. Following that, multivariate analysis as the non-supervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied revealing that differences were related to fatty acids and 13,21-dihydroeurycomanone being more enriched in authentic root. SPME–GC–MS aroma profiling led to the identification of 59 volatiles belonging mainly to alcohols, aldehydes/furans and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Results revealed that aroma of commercial products showed relatively different profiles being rich in vanillin, maltol, and methyl octanoate. Whereas E-cinnamaldehyde, endo-borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and benzaldehyde were more associated to the authentic product. The present study shed the light for the potential of metabolomics in authentication and standardization of tongkat ali and identification of its true flavor composition. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9925447/ /pubmed/36781893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28551-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Serag, Ahmed
Zayed, Ahmed
Mediani, Ahmed
Farag, Mohamed A.
Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title_full Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title_fullStr Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title_full_unstemmed Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title_short Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
title_sort integrated comparative metabolite profiling via nmr and gc–ms analyses for tongkat ali (eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9925447/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36781893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28551-x
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