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Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala

Commercial swine farms provide unique systems for interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (FLUAVs) at the animal-human interface. Bidirectional transmission of FLUAVs between pigs and humans plays a significant role in the generation of novel strains that become established in the new host...

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Autores principales: Ortiz, Lucia, Geiger, Ginger, Ferreri, Lucas, Moran, David, Alvarez, Danilo, Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia, Mendez, Dione, Rajao, Daniela, Cordon-Rosales, Celia, Perez, Daniel R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927084/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36475876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02878-22
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author Ortiz, Lucia
Geiger, Ginger
Ferreri, Lucas
Moran, David
Alvarez, Danilo
Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia
Mendez, Dione
Rajao, Daniela
Cordon-Rosales, Celia
Perez, Daniel R.
author_facet Ortiz, Lucia
Geiger, Ginger
Ferreri, Lucas
Moran, David
Alvarez, Danilo
Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia
Mendez, Dione
Rajao, Daniela
Cordon-Rosales, Celia
Perez, Daniel R.
author_sort Ortiz, Lucia
collection PubMed
description Commercial swine farms provide unique systems for interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (FLUAVs) at the animal-human interface. Bidirectional transmission of FLUAVs between pigs and humans plays a significant role in the generation of novel strains that become established in the new host population. Active FLUAV surveillance was conducted for 2 years on a commercial pig farm in Southern Guatemala with no history of FLUAV vaccination. Nasal swabs (n = 2,094) from fattening pigs (6 to 24 weeks old) with respiratory signs were collected weekly from May 2016 to February 2018. Swabs were screened for FLUAV by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RRT-PCR), and full virus genomes of FLUAV-positive swabs were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). FLUAV prevalence was 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6% to 13.4%) with two distinct periods of high infection. All samples were identified as FLUAVs of the H1N1 subtype within the H1 swine clade 1A.3.3.2 and whose ancestors are the human origin 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (H1N1 pdm09). Compared to the prototypic reference segment sequence, 10 amino acid signatures were observed on relevant antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin. The Guatemalan swine-origin FLUAVs show independent evolution from other H1N1 pdm09 FLUAVs circulating in Central America. The zoonotic risk of these viruses remains unknown but strongly calls for continued FLUAV surveillance in pigs in Guatemala. IMPORTANCE Despite increased surveillance efforts, the epidemiology of FLUAVs circulating in swine in Latin America remains understudied. For instance, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic strain (H1N1 pdm09) emerged in Mexico, but its circulation remained undetected in pigs. In Central America, Guatemala is the country with the largest swine industry. We found a unique group of H1N1 pdm09 sequences that suggests independent evolution from similar viruses circulating in Central America. These viruses may represent the establishment of a novel genetic lineage with the potential to reassort with other cocirculating viruses and whose zoonotic risk remains to be determined.
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spelling pubmed-99270842023-02-15 Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala Ortiz, Lucia Geiger, Ginger Ferreri, Lucas Moran, David Alvarez, Danilo Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia Mendez, Dione Rajao, Daniela Cordon-Rosales, Celia Perez, Daniel R. Microbiol Spectr Research Article Commercial swine farms provide unique systems for interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (FLUAVs) at the animal-human interface. Bidirectional transmission of FLUAVs between pigs and humans plays a significant role in the generation of novel strains that become established in the new host population. Active FLUAV surveillance was conducted for 2 years on a commercial pig farm in Southern Guatemala with no history of FLUAV vaccination. Nasal swabs (n = 2,094) from fattening pigs (6 to 24 weeks old) with respiratory signs were collected weekly from May 2016 to February 2018. Swabs were screened for FLUAV by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RRT-PCR), and full virus genomes of FLUAV-positive swabs were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). FLUAV prevalence was 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6% to 13.4%) with two distinct periods of high infection. All samples were identified as FLUAVs of the H1N1 subtype within the H1 swine clade 1A.3.3.2 and whose ancestors are the human origin 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic virus (H1N1 pdm09). Compared to the prototypic reference segment sequence, 10 amino acid signatures were observed on relevant antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin. The Guatemalan swine-origin FLUAVs show independent evolution from other H1N1 pdm09 FLUAVs circulating in Central America. The zoonotic risk of these viruses remains unknown but strongly calls for continued FLUAV surveillance in pigs in Guatemala. IMPORTANCE Despite increased surveillance efforts, the epidemiology of FLUAVs circulating in swine in Latin America remains understudied. For instance, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic strain (H1N1 pdm09) emerged in Mexico, but its circulation remained undetected in pigs. In Central America, Guatemala is the country with the largest swine industry. We found a unique group of H1N1 pdm09 sequences that suggests independent evolution from similar viruses circulating in Central America. These viruses may represent the establishment of a novel genetic lineage with the potential to reassort with other cocirculating viruses and whose zoonotic risk remains to be determined. American Society for Microbiology 2022-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9927084/ /pubmed/36475876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02878-22 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ortiz et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Ortiz, Lucia
Geiger, Ginger
Ferreri, Lucas
Moran, David
Alvarez, Danilo
Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia
Mendez, Dione
Rajao, Daniela
Cordon-Rosales, Celia
Perez, Daniel R.
Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title_full Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title_fullStr Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title_full_unstemmed Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title_short Evolution and Introductions of Influenza A Virus H1N1 in a Farrow-to-Finish Farm in Guatemala
title_sort evolution and introductions of influenza a virus h1n1 in a farrow-to-finish farm in guatemala
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927084/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36475876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02878-22
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