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Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14 |
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author | Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity Jalbert, Isabelle Chen, Jiaying Briggs, Nancy E. Golebiowski, Blanka |
author_facet | Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity Jalbert, Isabelle Chen, Jiaying Briggs, Nancy E. Golebiowski, Blanka |
author_sort | Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading tasks (printed text, laptop, TV, smartphone, smartphone at 50% brightness, smartphone with complex text), and two nonreading tasks (conversation, walking) in a randomized cross-over study. Ocular surface symptoms and clinical signs were assessed. The blink rate and interblink interval were measured using a wearable eye tracking headset. Blink parameters were compared across tasks and time (linear mixed model and post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction). Associations between blinking, symptoms, ocular surface, and clinical signs were assessed (Spearman's correlation). The smartphone reading task was completed twice to determine the coefficient of repeatability. RESULTS: The blink rate was lower (mean 10.7 ± 9.7 blinks/min) and the interblink interval longer (mean 9.6 ± 8.7 seconds) during all reading tasks compared with conversation (mean 32.4 ± 12.4 blinks/min; 1.5 ± 0.6 seconds) and walking (mean 31.3 ± 15.5 blinks/min; 1.9 ± 1.3s) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blink parameters between any of the reading tasks or between conversation and walking. Changes in blinking occurred within 1 minute of starting the task. No associations were evident between blink rate or interblink interval and ocular surface symptoms or signs. The coefficient of repeatability was ±12.4 blinks/min for blink rate and ±18.8 seconds for interblink interval. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous blinking can be measured reliably in situ. The blink rate was decreased and the interblink interval increased during reading compared with conversation and walking. Changes in blinking were immediate, sustained, and not associated with ocular surface symptoms or signs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9927758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99277582023-02-15 Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity Jalbert, Isabelle Chen, Jiaying Briggs, Nancy E. Golebiowski, Blanka Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Clinical and Epidemiologic Research PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading tasks (printed text, laptop, TV, smartphone, smartphone at 50% brightness, smartphone with complex text), and two nonreading tasks (conversation, walking) in a randomized cross-over study. Ocular surface symptoms and clinical signs were assessed. The blink rate and interblink interval were measured using a wearable eye tracking headset. Blink parameters were compared across tasks and time (linear mixed model and post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction). Associations between blinking, symptoms, ocular surface, and clinical signs were assessed (Spearman's correlation). The smartphone reading task was completed twice to determine the coefficient of repeatability. RESULTS: The blink rate was lower (mean 10.7 ± 9.7 blinks/min) and the interblink interval longer (mean 9.6 ± 8.7 seconds) during all reading tasks compared with conversation (mean 32.4 ± 12.4 blinks/min; 1.5 ± 0.6 seconds) and walking (mean 31.3 ± 15.5 blinks/min; 1.9 ± 1.3s) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blink parameters between any of the reading tasks or between conversation and walking. Changes in blinking occurred within 1 minute of starting the task. No associations were evident between blink rate or interblink interval and ocular surface symptoms or signs. The coefficient of repeatability was ±12.4 blinks/min for blink rate and ±18.8 seconds for interblink interval. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous blinking can be measured reliably in situ. The blink rate was decreased and the interblink interval increased during reading compared with conversation and walking. Changes in blinking were immediate, sustained, and not associated with ocular surface symptoms or signs. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9927758/ /pubmed/36763349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14 Text en Copyright 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity Jalbert, Isabelle Chen, Jiaying Briggs, Nancy E. Golebiowski, Blanka Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title | Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title_full | Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title_fullStr | Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title_full_unstemmed | Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title_short | Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance |
title_sort | blink rate measured in situ decreases while reading from printed text or digital devices, regardless of task duration, difficulty, or viewing distance |
topic | Clinical and Epidemiologic Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14 |
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