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Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance

PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading...

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Autores principales: Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity, Jalbert, Isabelle, Chen, Jiaying, Briggs, Nancy E., Golebiowski, Blanka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927758/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763349
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14
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author Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity
Jalbert, Isabelle
Chen, Jiaying
Briggs, Nancy E.
Golebiowski, Blanka
author_facet Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity
Jalbert, Isabelle
Chen, Jiaying
Briggs, Nancy E.
Golebiowski, Blanka
author_sort Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading tasks (printed text, laptop, TV, smartphone, smartphone at 50% brightness, smartphone with complex text), and two nonreading tasks (conversation, walking) in a randomized cross-over study. Ocular surface symptoms and clinical signs were assessed. The blink rate and interblink interval were measured using a wearable eye tracking headset. Blink parameters were compared across tasks and time (linear mixed model and post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction). Associations between blinking, symptoms, ocular surface, and clinical signs were assessed (Spearman's correlation). The smartphone reading task was completed twice to determine the coefficient of repeatability. RESULTS: The blink rate was lower (mean 10.7 ± 9.7 blinks/min) and the interblink interval longer (mean 9.6 ± 8.7 seconds) during all reading tasks compared with conversation (mean 32.4 ± 12.4 blinks/min; 1.5 ± 0.6 seconds) and walking (mean 31.3 ± 15.5 blinks/min; 1.9 ± 1.3s) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blink parameters between any of the reading tasks or between conversation and walking. Changes in blinking occurred within 1 minute of starting the task. No associations were evident between blink rate or interblink interval and ocular surface symptoms or signs. The coefficient of repeatability was ±12.4 blinks/min for blink rate and ±18.8 seconds for interblink interval. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous blinking can be measured reliably in situ. The blink rate was decreased and the interblink interval increased during reading compared with conversation and walking. Changes in blinking were immediate, sustained, and not associated with ocular surface symptoms or signs.
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spelling pubmed-99277582023-02-15 Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity Jalbert, Isabelle Chen, Jiaying Briggs, Nancy E. Golebiowski, Blanka Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Clinical and Epidemiologic Research PURPOSE: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-four students (28.6 ± 6.3 years; 8 male and 16 female) completed six reading tasks (printed text, laptop, TV, smartphone, smartphone at 50% brightness, smartphone with complex text), and two nonreading tasks (conversation, walking) in a randomized cross-over study. Ocular surface symptoms and clinical signs were assessed. The blink rate and interblink interval were measured using a wearable eye tracking headset. Blink parameters were compared across tasks and time (linear mixed model and post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction). Associations between blinking, symptoms, ocular surface, and clinical signs were assessed (Spearman's correlation). The smartphone reading task was completed twice to determine the coefficient of repeatability. RESULTS: The blink rate was lower (mean 10.7 ± 9.7 blinks/min) and the interblink interval longer (mean 9.6 ± 8.7 seconds) during all reading tasks compared with conversation (mean 32.4 ± 12.4 blinks/min; 1.5 ± 0.6 seconds) and walking (mean 31.3 ± 15.5 blinks/min; 1.9 ± 1.3s) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blink parameters between any of the reading tasks or between conversation and walking. Changes in blinking occurred within 1 minute of starting the task. No associations were evident between blink rate or interblink interval and ocular surface symptoms or signs. The coefficient of repeatability was ±12.4 blinks/min for blink rate and ±18.8 seconds for interblink interval. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous blinking can be measured reliably in situ. The blink rate was decreased and the interblink interval increased during reading compared with conversation and walking. Changes in blinking were immediate, sustained, and not associated with ocular surface symptoms or signs. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9927758/ /pubmed/36763349 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14 Text en Copyright 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Clinical and Epidemiologic Research
Chidi-Egboka, Ngozi Charity
Jalbert, Isabelle
Chen, Jiaying
Briggs, Nancy E.
Golebiowski, Blanka
Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title_full Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title_fullStr Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title_full_unstemmed Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title_short Blink Rate Measured In Situ Decreases While Reading From Printed Text or Digital Devices, Regardless of Task Duration, Difficulty, or Viewing Distance
title_sort blink rate measured in situ decreases while reading from printed text or digital devices, regardless of task duration, difficulty, or viewing distance
topic Clinical and Epidemiologic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9927758/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36763349
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.64.2.14
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