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Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that produces crippling anxiety and occurs in response to an extreme, traumatic stressor. Compared to the prevalence of PTSD in the general population, the prevalence of PTSD in at-risk populations (e.g., army veterans, those affected by env...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9928537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819333 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33780 |
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author | Khitha, Vainavi Tayade, Surekha |
author_facet | Khitha, Vainavi Tayade, Surekha |
author_sort | Khitha, Vainavi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that produces crippling anxiety and occurs in response to an extreme, traumatic stressor. Compared to the prevalence of PTSD in the general population, the prevalence of PTSD in at-risk populations (e.g., army veterans, those affected by environmental calamities, and others) can reach up to threefold. The conventional treatment of PTSD involves using SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and other anti-depressants along with psychotherapy such as debriefing and CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy). Due to increasing resistance to conventional treatment, more novel treatment options, such as stellate ganglion block shots and neuromodulation, are being explored. These neuromodulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (TDS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The rationale behind employing these techniques in refractory PTSD is the altered neurocircuitry seen in PTSD patients, which can be visualized on imaging. Studies involving the use of DBS for PTSD primarily target specific areas in the brain: the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the various neuromodulation techniques currently employed in the management of treatment-resistant PTSD and an in-depth review of the available literature on animal models in which DBS for PTSD has been researched. We also shed light on the human clinical trials conducted for the same. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9928537 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99285372023-02-16 Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Khitha, Vainavi Tayade, Surekha Cureus Psychiatry Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that produces crippling anxiety and occurs in response to an extreme, traumatic stressor. Compared to the prevalence of PTSD in the general population, the prevalence of PTSD in at-risk populations (e.g., army veterans, those affected by environmental calamities, and others) can reach up to threefold. The conventional treatment of PTSD involves using SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and other anti-depressants along with psychotherapy such as debriefing and CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy). Due to increasing resistance to conventional treatment, more novel treatment options, such as stellate ganglion block shots and neuromodulation, are being explored. These neuromodulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (TDS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The rationale behind employing these techniques in refractory PTSD is the altered neurocircuitry seen in PTSD patients, which can be visualized on imaging. Studies involving the use of DBS for PTSD primarily target specific areas in the brain: the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. This article aims to provide a brief overview of the various neuromodulation techniques currently employed in the management of treatment-resistant PTSD and an in-depth review of the available literature on animal models in which DBS for PTSD has been researched. We also shed light on the human clinical trials conducted for the same. Cureus 2023-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9928537/ /pubmed/36819333 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33780 Text en Copyright © 2023, Khitha et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Khitha, Vainavi Tayade, Surekha Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title | Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title_full | Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title_fullStr | Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title_short | Application of Deep Brain Stimulation in Refractory Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
title_sort | application of deep brain stimulation in refractory post-traumatic stress disorder |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9928537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819333 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33780 |
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