Facilitators and barriers to implementing electronic patient-reported outcome and experience measures in a health care setting: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: This systematic literature review aimed to identify factors that influence the implementation of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (ePREMs) in healthcare settings. INTRODUCTION: Improvements in health care through increased patient engagement have gained traction in recent years. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are tools used to improve the quality of care from the patient perspective. The influence of implementing PROMs and PREMs using electronic information systems (ePROMs and ePREMs) is not well understood. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies with information related to the implementation of ePROMs and/or ePREMs with a focus on health-related services, irrespective of provider type, were included. METHODS: A literature search of peer-reviewed databases was conducted on the 24th of January 2022 for articles about barriers and facilitators of the implementation of ePROMs/ePREMs in healthcare settings. Two reviewers independently extracted relevant findings from the included studies and performed a descriptive code-based synthesis before collaboratively creating a final consensus set of code categories, which were then mapped to the consolidated framework of implementation research (CFIR). Study quality was appraised using a mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT). RESULTS: 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in the screening of 626 nonduplicate studies. Quality assessment using the MMAT revealed that 20/24 studies met at least 60% of the MMAT criteria. Ninety-six code categories were identified and mapped to the constructs across all CFIR domains. CONCLUSION: To guide the effective implementation of ePROMs/ePREMs in healthcare settings, factors shown to influence their implementation have been summarised as an implementation checklist for adoption and use by clinicians, organisations, and policymakers. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41687-023-00554-2.