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The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Weight loss-related amenorrhea is defined as the reversible functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis associated with weight loss or low body weight, which occurs mostly in adolescents and women of reproductive age. The specific pathological mec...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
AME Publishing Company
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929756/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819572 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-6366 |
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author | Chen, Ling Lu, Ye Zhou, Yi-Fan Wang, Yang Zhan, Hai-Feng Zhao, Yu-Ting Wang, Yu-Lu Zhang, Fei-Fei Chen, Hang Li, Xin |
author_facet | Chen, Ling Lu, Ye Zhou, Yi-Fan Wang, Yang Zhan, Hai-Feng Zhao, Yu-Ting Wang, Yu-Lu Zhang, Fei-Fei Chen, Hang Li, Xin |
author_sort | Chen, Ling |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Weight loss-related amenorrhea is defined as the reversible functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis associated with weight loss or low body weight, which occurs mostly in adolescents and women of reproductive age. The specific pathological mechanisms of this disease have not yet been elucidated, and the optimal evidence-based guidelines for its clinical assessment and management are limited. This review summarizes its adverse effects on female health, and the individualized, emerging, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches used to treat it. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for Chinese and English literature on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), and retrieved original articles (on basic and clinical research) and reviews published up to December 2022. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: We reviewed the findings on the unfavorable effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea with a focus on reproduction, the skeletal and cardiovascular system, other endocrine effects, and mental health. Lifestyle changes and hormonal replacement have been shown to alleviate the underlying causes and lead to the recovery of menstruation. However, the efficacy of treatments is affected by many factors, such as psychological stress and heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss-related amenorrhea, which is an important type of FHA, is manifested by anovulation and hypoestrogenism, and has both short- and long-term adverse effects on women’s overall health. It is difficult to alleviate its underlying causes. Individualized treatments need to be optimized and emerging or multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches need to be explored that aim to recover normal menstruation and ovulation, eliminate the undesirable effects of prolonged hypoestrogenism and alleviate psychological disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9929756 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | AME Publishing Company |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99297562023-02-16 The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review Chen, Ling Lu, Ye Zhou, Yi-Fan Wang, Yang Zhan, Hai-Feng Zhao, Yu-Ting Wang, Yu-Lu Zhang, Fei-Fei Chen, Hang Li, Xin Ann Transl Med Review Article BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Weight loss-related amenorrhea is defined as the reversible functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis associated with weight loss or low body weight, which occurs mostly in adolescents and women of reproductive age. The specific pathological mechanisms of this disease have not yet been elucidated, and the optimal evidence-based guidelines for its clinical assessment and management are limited. This review summarizes its adverse effects on female health, and the individualized, emerging, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches used to treat it. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for Chinese and English literature on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), and retrieved original articles (on basic and clinical research) and reviews published up to December 2022. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: We reviewed the findings on the unfavorable effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea with a focus on reproduction, the skeletal and cardiovascular system, other endocrine effects, and mental health. Lifestyle changes and hormonal replacement have been shown to alleviate the underlying causes and lead to the recovery of menstruation. However, the efficacy of treatments is affected by many factors, such as psychological stress and heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss-related amenorrhea, which is an important type of FHA, is manifested by anovulation and hypoestrogenism, and has both short- and long-term adverse effects on women’s overall health. It is difficult to alleviate its underlying causes. Individualized treatments need to be optimized and emerging or multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches need to be explored that aim to recover normal menstruation and ovulation, eliminate the undesirable effects of prolonged hypoestrogenism and alleviate psychological disorders. AME Publishing Company 2023-01-31 2023-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9929756/ /pubmed/36819572 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-6366 Text en 2023 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Chen, Ling Lu, Ye Zhou, Yi-Fan Wang, Yang Zhan, Hai-Feng Zhao, Yu-Ting Wang, Yu-Lu Zhang, Fei-Fei Chen, Hang Li, Xin The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title | The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title_full | The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title_fullStr | The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title_full_unstemmed | The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title_short | The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
title_sort | effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929756/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819572 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-6366 |
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