Ozone reduces ischemic damage after a stroke by regulating the autophagy of astrocytes

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a common and damaging disease of brain tissue, and has high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Ozone (O(3)) is an isomer of oxygen and can be applied to ozonate the isolated blood in specific containers outside the body and return it to the body. O(3) can also alter the activity and function of multiple cellular components, thus affecting blood viscosity and altering hemodynamics. However, the question of whether O(3) has clinical value in the treatment of stroke requires further investigation. This study sought to evaluate the protective effect and possible mechanism of O(3) in brain injury after stroke. METHODS: First, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced human glioblastoma cell (A172) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat models were established. Second, the levels of the associated ribonucleic acids and proteins were analyzed using reverse-transcription real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western Blot, or immunofluorescence assays. Third, the concentration of glutamate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS: The results showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was upregulated in the OGD/R A172 cells. O(3) decreased LDH and increased glutamate levels in the OGD/R A172 cells, which suggests that O(3) reduced brain damage in the in vitro stroke model. We also showed that O(3) attenuated brain infarction in the in-vivo stroke model. Further, we found that O(3) alleviated stroke-induced brain damage by reducing the apoptosis of astrocytes. Further, the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor propofol alleviated stroke-induced brain damage. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, O(3) notably alleviated stroke-induced brain damage by inhibiting the apoptosis of astrocytes in the OGD/R-induced human glioblastoma cell and MACO rat models.