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Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database

The National Research Council recommends that genetic differentiation among subgroups of ethnic samples be lower than 3% of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic sample to be used for estimating reliable random match probabilities for forensic use. Native American samples in the United...

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Autores principales: Weise, Jessica A., Ng, Jillian, Oldt, Robert F., Viray, Joy, McCulloh, Kelly L., Smith, David Glenn, Kanthaswamy, Sreetharan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36817229
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088
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author Weise, Jessica A.
Ng, Jillian
Oldt, Robert F.
Viray, Joy
McCulloh, Kelly L.
Smith, David Glenn
Kanthaswamy, Sreetharan
author_facet Weise, Jessica A.
Ng, Jillian
Oldt, Robert F.
Viray, Joy
McCulloh, Kelly L.
Smith, David Glenn
Kanthaswamy, Sreetharan
author_sort Weise, Jessica A.
collection PubMed
description The National Research Council recommends that genetic differentiation among subgroups of ethnic samples be lower than 3% of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic sample to be used for estimating reliable random match probabilities for forensic use. Native American samples in the United States’ Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database represent four language families: Algonquian, Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleut, and Salishan. However, a minimum of 27 Native American language families exists in the US, not including language isolates. Our goal was to ascertain whether genetic differences are correlated with language groupings and, if so, whether additional language families would provide a more accurate representation of current genetic diversity among tribal populations. The 21 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the Globalfiler® PCR Amplification Kit were used to characterize six indigenous language families, including three of the four represented in the CODIS database (i.e. Algonquian, Na-Dene, and Eskimo-Aleut), and two language isolates (Miwok and Seri) using major population genetic diversity metrics such as F statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis of genotype frequencies. Most of the genetic variation (97%) was found to be within language families instead of among them (3%). In contrast, when only the three of the four language families represented in both the CODIS database and the present study were considered, 4% of the genetic variation occurred among the language groups. Bayesian clustering resulted in a maximum posterior probability indicating three genetically distinct groups among the eight language families and isolates: (1) Eskimo, (2) Seri, and (3) all other language groups and isolates, thus confirming genetic subdivision among subgroups of the CODIS Native American database. This genetic structure indicates the need for an increased number of Native American populations based on language affiliation in the CODIS database as well as more robust sample sets for those language families. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088 .
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spelling pubmed-99307502023-02-16 Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database Weise, Jessica A. Ng, Jillian Oldt, Robert F. Viray, Joy McCulloh, Kelly L. Smith, David Glenn Kanthaswamy, Sreetharan Forensic Sci Res Research Articles The National Research Council recommends that genetic differentiation among subgroups of ethnic samples be lower than 3% of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic sample to be used for estimating reliable random match probabilities for forensic use. Native American samples in the United States’ Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database represent four language families: Algonquian, Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleut, and Salishan. However, a minimum of 27 Native American language families exists in the US, not including language isolates. Our goal was to ascertain whether genetic differences are correlated with language groupings and, if so, whether additional language families would provide a more accurate representation of current genetic diversity among tribal populations. The 21 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the Globalfiler® PCR Amplification Kit were used to characterize six indigenous language families, including three of the four represented in the CODIS database (i.e. Algonquian, Na-Dene, and Eskimo-Aleut), and two language isolates (Miwok and Seri) using major population genetic diversity metrics such as F statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis of genotype frequencies. Most of the genetic variation (97%) was found to be within language families instead of among them (3%). In contrast, when only the three of the four language families represented in both the CODIS database and the present study were considered, 4% of the genetic variation occurred among the language groups. Bayesian clustering resulted in a maximum posterior probability indicating three genetically distinct groups among the eight language families and isolates: (1) Eskimo, (2) Seri, and (3) all other language groups and isolates, thus confirming genetic subdivision among subgroups of the CODIS Native American database. This genetic structure indicates the need for an increased number of Native American populations based on language affiliation in the CODIS database as well as more robust sample sets for those language families. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088 . Taylor & Francis 2021-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9930750/ /pubmed/36817229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the Academy of Forensic Science. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Weise, Jessica A.
Ng, Jillian
Oldt, Robert F.
Viray, Joy
McCulloh, Kelly L.
Smith, David Glenn
Kanthaswamy, Sreetharan
Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title_full Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title_fullStr Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title_full_unstemmed Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title_short Genetic differentiation between and within Northern Native American language groups: an argument for the expansion of the Native American CODIS database
title_sort genetic differentiation between and within northern native american language groups: an argument for the expansion of the native american codis database
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36817229
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1963088
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