Effect of membrane depolarization against Aspergillus niger GM31 resistant by ultra nanoclusters characterized by Ag(2+) and Ag(3+) oxidation state

To date, the impossibility of treating resistant forms of bacteria and fungi (AMR) with traditional drugs is a cause for global alarm. We have made the green synthesis of Argirium silver ultra nanoclusters (Argirium-SUNCs) very effective against resistant bacteria (< 1 ppm) and mature biofilm (0.6 ppm). In vitro and preclinical tests indicate that SUNCs are approximately 10 times less toxic in human cells than bacteria. Unique chemical-physical characteristics such as particle size < 2 nm, a core composed of Ag(0), and a shell of Ag (+), Ag(2+) , Ag(3+) never observed before in stable form in ultra pure water, explain their remarkable redox properties Otto Cars (Lancet Glob. Health 9:6, 2021). Here we show that Argirium-SUNCs have strong antimicrobial properties also against resistant Aspergillus niger GM31 mycelia and spore inactivation (0.6 ppm). The membrane depolarization is a primary target leading to cell death as already observed in bacteria. Being effective against both bacteria and fungi Argirium-SUNCs represent a completely different tool for the treatment of infectious diseases.