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Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis

BACKGROUND: South and Southeast Asian countries (SSEA) account for the highest burden of anemia globally, nonetheless, progress towards the decline of anemia has almost been stalled. This study aimed to explore the individual and community- level factors associated with childhood anemia across the s...

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Autores principales: Sunuwar, Dev Ram, Singh, Devendra Raj, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Shrestha, Vintuna, Rai, Pushpa, Shah, Sunil Kumar, Adhikari, Bipin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9933407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36793012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y
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author Sunuwar, Dev Ram
Singh, Devendra Raj
Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh
Shrestha, Vintuna
Rai, Pushpa
Shah, Sunil Kumar
Adhikari, Bipin
author_facet Sunuwar, Dev Ram
Singh, Devendra Raj
Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh
Shrestha, Vintuna
Rai, Pushpa
Shah, Sunil Kumar
Adhikari, Bipin
author_sort Sunuwar, Dev Ram
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: South and Southeast Asian countries (SSEA) account for the highest burden of anemia globally, nonetheless, progress towards the decline of anemia has almost been stalled. This study aimed to explore the individual and community- level factors associated with childhood anemia across the six selected SSEA countries. METHODS: Demographic and Health Surveys of SSEA countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Maldives, Myanmar, and Nepal) conducted between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed. A total of 167,017 children aged 6–59 months were included in the analysis. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of anemia. RESULTS: The combined prevalence of childhood anemia across six SSEA countries was 57.3% (95% CI: 56.9–57.7%). At the individual level, childhood anemia was significantly higher among (1) mothers with anemia compared to non-anemic mothers (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.66, Cambodia: aOR = 1.56, India: aOR = 1.62, Maldives: aOR = 1.44, Myanmar: aOR = 1.59, and Nepal: aOR = 1.71); (2) children with a history of fever in the last two weeks compared to those without a history of fever (Cambodia: aOR = 1.29, India: aOR = 1.03, Myanmar: aOR = 1.08), and; (3) stunted children compared to those who were not (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.33, Cambodia: aOR = 1.42, India: aOR = 1.29, and Nepal: aOR = 1.27). In terms of community-level factors, children with mothers in communities with a high percentage of community maternal anemia had higher odds of childhood anemia in all countries (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.21, Cambodia: aOR = 1.31, India: aOR = 1.72, Maldives: aOR = 1.35, Myanmar: aOR = 1.33, and Nepal: aOR = 1.72). CONCLUSION: Children with anemic mothers and stunted growth were found vulnerable to developing childhood anemia. Individual and community-level factors identified in this study can be considered to develop effective anemia control and prevention strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y.
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spelling pubmed-99334072023-02-17 Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis Sunuwar, Dev Ram Singh, Devendra Raj Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Shrestha, Vintuna Rai, Pushpa Shah, Sunil Kumar Adhikari, Bipin BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: South and Southeast Asian countries (SSEA) account for the highest burden of anemia globally, nonetheless, progress towards the decline of anemia has almost been stalled. This study aimed to explore the individual and community- level factors associated with childhood anemia across the six selected SSEA countries. METHODS: Demographic and Health Surveys of SSEA countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Maldives, Myanmar, and Nepal) conducted between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed. A total of 167,017 children aged 6–59 months were included in the analysis. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of anemia. RESULTS: The combined prevalence of childhood anemia across six SSEA countries was 57.3% (95% CI: 56.9–57.7%). At the individual level, childhood anemia was significantly higher among (1) mothers with anemia compared to non-anemic mothers (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.66, Cambodia: aOR = 1.56, India: aOR = 1.62, Maldives: aOR = 1.44, Myanmar: aOR = 1.59, and Nepal: aOR = 1.71); (2) children with a history of fever in the last two weeks compared to those without a history of fever (Cambodia: aOR = 1.29, India: aOR = 1.03, Myanmar: aOR = 1.08), and; (3) stunted children compared to those who were not (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.33, Cambodia: aOR = 1.42, India: aOR = 1.29, and Nepal: aOR = 1.27). In terms of community-level factors, children with mothers in communities with a high percentage of community maternal anemia had higher odds of childhood anemia in all countries (Bangladesh: aOR = 1.21, Cambodia: aOR = 1.31, India: aOR = 1.72, Maldives: aOR = 1.35, Myanmar: aOR = 1.33, and Nepal: aOR = 1.72). CONCLUSION: Children with anemic mothers and stunted growth were found vulnerable to developing childhood anemia. Individual and community-level factors identified in this study can be considered to develop effective anemia control and prevention strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y. BioMed Central 2023-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9933407/ /pubmed/36793012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Sunuwar, Dev Ram
Singh, Devendra Raj
Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh
Shrestha, Vintuna
Rai, Pushpa
Shah, Sunil Kumar
Adhikari, Bipin
Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title_full Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title_fullStr Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title_short Factors associated with anemia among children in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis
title_sort factors associated with anemia among children in south and southeast asia: a multilevel analysis
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9933407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36793012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15265-y
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