Exploring the Quantum Chemical Energy Landscape with GNN-Guided Artificial Force

[Image: see text] Artificial force has been proven useful to get over energy barriers and quickly search a large portion of the energy landscape. This work proposes a method based on graph neural networks to optimize the choice of transformation patterns to examine and accelerate energy landscape exploration. In open search from glutathione, the search efficiency was largely improved in comparison to random selection. We also applied transfer learning from glutathione to tuftsin, resulting in further efficiency gains.