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The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease
Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in unde...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9933909/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36816193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1086003 |
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author | Layton, Rachel Layton, Daniel Beggs, David Fisher, Andrew Mansell, Peter Stanger, Kelly J. |
author_facet | Layton, Rachel Layton, Daniel Beggs, David Fisher, Andrew Mansell, Peter Stanger, Kelly J. |
author_sort | Layton, Rachel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in understanding and mitigating infectious diseases, as the complexities of physiology and immunity cannot yet be replicated in vivo. Using animals in research continues to come under increasing societal scrutiny, and it is therefore crucial that the welfare of animals used in disease research is optimized to meet both societal expectations and improve scientific outcomes. Everyday management and procedures in animal studies are known to cause stress, which can not only cause poorer welfare outcomes, but also introduces variables in disease studies. Whilst general anesthesia is necessary at times to reduce stress and enhance animal welfare in disease research, evidence of physiological and immunological disruption caused by general anesthesia is increasing. To better understand and quantify the effects of stress and anesthesia on disease study and welfare outcomes, utilizing the most appropriate animal monitoring strategies is imperative. This article aims to analyze recent scientific evidence about the impact of stress and anesthesia as uncontrolled variables, as well as reviewing monitoring strategies and technologies in animal models during infectious diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9933909 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99339092023-02-17 The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease Layton, Rachel Layton, Daniel Beggs, David Fisher, Andrew Mansell, Peter Stanger, Kelly J. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in understanding and mitigating infectious diseases, as the complexities of physiology and immunity cannot yet be replicated in vivo. Using animals in research continues to come under increasing societal scrutiny, and it is therefore crucial that the welfare of animals used in disease research is optimized to meet both societal expectations and improve scientific outcomes. Everyday management and procedures in animal studies are known to cause stress, which can not only cause poorer welfare outcomes, but also introduces variables in disease studies. Whilst general anesthesia is necessary at times to reduce stress and enhance animal welfare in disease research, evidence of physiological and immunological disruption caused by general anesthesia is increasing. To better understand and quantify the effects of stress and anesthesia on disease study and welfare outcomes, utilizing the most appropriate animal monitoring strategies is imperative. This article aims to analyze recent scientific evidence about the impact of stress and anesthesia as uncontrolled variables, as well as reviewing monitoring strategies and technologies in animal models during infectious diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9933909/ /pubmed/36816193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1086003 Text en Copyright © 2023 Layton, Layton, Beggs, Fisher, Mansell and Stanger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Layton, Rachel Layton, Daniel Beggs, David Fisher, Andrew Mansell, Peter Stanger, Kelly J. The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title | The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title_full | The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title_fullStr | The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title_short | The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
title_sort | impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9933909/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36816193 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1086003 |
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