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Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at limiting disease severity, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Effectiveness wanes with time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, previously prescribed vaccines were based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein that eme...

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Autores principales: Voutouri, Chrysovalantis, Hardin, C. Corey, Naranbhai, Vivek, Nikmaneshi, Mohammad R., Khandekar, Melin J., Gainor, Justin F., Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos, Munn, Lance L., Jain, Rakesh K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9934028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36623200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2211132120
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author Voutouri, Chrysovalantis
Hardin, C. Corey
Naranbhai, Vivek
Nikmaneshi, Mohammad R.
Khandekar, Melin J.
Gainor, Justin F.
Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos
Munn, Lance L.
Jain, Rakesh K.
author_facet Voutouri, Chrysovalantis
Hardin, C. Corey
Naranbhai, Vivek
Nikmaneshi, Mohammad R.
Khandekar, Melin J.
Gainor, Justin F.
Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos
Munn, Lance L.
Jain, Rakesh K.
author_sort Voutouri, Chrysovalantis
collection PubMed
description SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at limiting disease severity, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Effectiveness wanes with time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, previously prescribed vaccines were based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein that emerging variants may evade. Here, we describe a mechanistic mathematical model for vaccination-induced immunity. We validate it with available clinical data and use it to simulate the effectiveness of vaccines against viral variants with lower antigenicity, increased virulence, or enhanced cell binding for various vaccine platforms. The analysis includes the omicron variant as well as hypothetical future variants with even greater immune evasion of vaccine-induced antibodies and addresses the potential benefits of the new bivalent vaccines. We further account for concurrent cancer or underlying immunosuppression. The model confirms enhanced immunogenicity following booster vaccination in immunosuppressed patients but predicts ongoing booster requirements for these individuals to maintain protection. We further studied the impact of variants on immunosuppressed individuals as a function of the interval between multiple booster doses. Our model suggests possible strategies for future vaccinations and suggests tailored strategies for high-risk groups.
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spelling pubmed-99340282023-02-17 Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Voutouri, Chrysovalantis Hardin, C. Corey Naranbhai, Vivek Nikmaneshi, Mohammad R. Khandekar, Melin J. Gainor, Justin F. Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos Munn, Lance L. Jain, Rakesh K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at limiting disease severity, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Effectiveness wanes with time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, previously prescribed vaccines were based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein that emerging variants may evade. Here, we describe a mechanistic mathematical model for vaccination-induced immunity. We validate it with available clinical data and use it to simulate the effectiveness of vaccines against viral variants with lower antigenicity, increased virulence, or enhanced cell binding for various vaccine platforms. The analysis includes the omicron variant as well as hypothetical future variants with even greater immune evasion of vaccine-induced antibodies and addresses the potential benefits of the new bivalent vaccines. We further account for concurrent cancer or underlying immunosuppression. The model confirms enhanced immunogenicity following booster vaccination in immunosuppressed patients but predicts ongoing booster requirements for these individuals to maintain protection. We further studied the impact of variants on immunosuppressed individuals as a function of the interval between multiple booster doses. Our model suggests possible strategies for future vaccinations and suggests tailored strategies for high-risk groups. National Academy of Sciences 2023-01-09 2023-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9934028/ /pubmed/36623200 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2211132120 Text en Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Voutouri, Chrysovalantis
Hardin, C. Corey
Naranbhai, Vivek
Nikmaneshi, Mohammad R.
Khandekar, Melin J.
Gainor, Justin F.
Stylianopoulos, Triantafyllos
Munn, Lance L.
Jain, Rakesh K.
Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title_full Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title_fullStr Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title_full_unstemmed Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title_short Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
title_sort mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with sars-cov-2
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9934028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36623200
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2211132120
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