The effect of zingiber officinale on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and glycemic control in diabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis: a double-blind randomized control trial

BACKGROUND: Diabetes management in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease needs precision to avoid complications. The study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger supplementation on prooxidant-antioxidant balance, glycemic management, and renal function in diabetic hemodialysis patients. TRIAL DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-four patients were randomly allocated to either the ginger or the placebo group in this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients in the ginger group received 2000 mg/d ginger for eight weeks, whereas those in the placebo group received equivalent placebos. After a 12- to 14-h fast, serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, urea, creatinine, and prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The homeostatic model evaluation of insulin resistance was used to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Serum levels of FBG (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.001), and urea (p = 0.017) were considerably lower in the ginger group compared to baseline, and the difference was significant when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Moreover, ginger supplementation decreased serum levels of creatinine (p = 0.034) and PAB (p = 0.013) within the group, but the effect was insignificant between groups (p > 0.05). On the other hand, insulin levels did not vary significantly across and among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, this study indicated that in diabetic hemodialysis patients, ginger could result to lower blood glucose levels, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and lower serum urea levels. Further studies with a more extended intervention period and various doses and forms of ginger are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20191109045382N2. (06/07/2020), Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/48467