Recent advances in constructed wetlands methane reduction: Mechanisms and methods

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial systems that use natural processes to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. This approach has been widely applied in both developing and developed countries worldwide, providing a cost-effective method for industrial wastewater treatment and the improvement of environmental water quality. However, due to the large organic carbon inputs, CWs is produced in varying amounts of CH(4) and have the potential to become an important contributor to global climate change. Subsequently, research on the mitigation of CH(4) emissions by CWs is key to achieving sustainable, low-carbon dependency wastewater treatment systems. This review evaluates the current research on CH(4) emissions from CWs through bibliometric analysis, summarizing the reported mechanisms of CH(4) generation, transfer and oxidation in CWs. Furthermore, the important environmental factors driving CH(4) generation in CW systems are summarized, including: temperature, water table position, oxidation reduction potential, and the effects of CW characteristics such as wetland type, plant species composition, substrate type, CW-coupled microbial fuel cell, oxygen supply, available carbon source, and salinity. This review provides guidance and novel perspectives for sustainable and effective CW management, as well as for future studies on CH(4) reduction in CWs.