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Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study
Neighborhood factors have been associated with health outcomes, but this relationship is underexplored in low-income countries like Haiti. We describe perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived violence using the Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and the City Stress Inventory scores. We hypothesiz...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000503 |
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author | Yan, Lily D. McNairy, Margaret L. Dévieux, Jessy G. Pierre, Jean Lookens Dade, Eliezer Sufra, Rodney Gerber, Linda M. Roberts, Nicholas St Preux, Stephano Malebranche, Rodolphe Metz, Miranda Tymejczyk, Olga Nash, Denis Deschamps, Marie Safford, Monica M. Pape, Jean W. Rouzier, Vanessa |
author_facet | Yan, Lily D. McNairy, Margaret L. Dévieux, Jessy G. Pierre, Jean Lookens Dade, Eliezer Sufra, Rodney Gerber, Linda M. Roberts, Nicholas St Preux, Stephano Malebranche, Rodolphe Metz, Miranda Tymejczyk, Olga Nash, Denis Deschamps, Marie Safford, Monica M. Pape, Jean W. Rouzier, Vanessa |
author_sort | Yan, Lily D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neighborhood factors have been associated with health outcomes, but this relationship is underexplored in low-income countries like Haiti. We describe perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived violence using the Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and the City Stress Inventory scores. We hypothesized lower cohesion and higher violence were associated with higher stress, depression, and hypertension. We collected data from a population-based cohort of adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between March 2019 to August 2021, including stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), and blood pressure (BP). Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medications. Covariates that were adjusted for included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, income, and education, multivariable linear and Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Among 2,961 adults, 58.0% were female and median age was 40 years (IQR:28–55). Participants reported high cohesion (median 15/25, IQR:14–17) and moderate violence (9/20, IQR:7–11). Stress was moderate (8/16) and 12.6% had at least moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥11). Median systolic BP was 118 mmHg, median diastolic BP 72 mmHg, and 29.2% had hypertension. In regressions, higher violence was associated with higher prevalence ratios of moderate-to-severe depression (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: PR 1.12, 95%CI:1.09 to 1.16) and stress (+0.3 score, 95%CI:0.01 to 0.6) but not hypertension. Cohesion was associated with lower stress (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: -0.4 score, 95%CI: -0.7 to -0.2) but not depression or hypertension. In summary, urban Haitians reported high perceived cohesion and moderate violence, with higher violence associated with higher stress and depression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9937441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99374412023-02-17 Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study Yan, Lily D. McNairy, Margaret L. Dévieux, Jessy G. Pierre, Jean Lookens Dade, Eliezer Sufra, Rodney Gerber, Linda M. Roberts, Nicholas St Preux, Stephano Malebranche, Rodolphe Metz, Miranda Tymejczyk, Olga Nash, Denis Deschamps, Marie Safford, Monica M. Pape, Jean W. Rouzier, Vanessa PLOS Glob Public Health Research Article Neighborhood factors have been associated with health outcomes, but this relationship is underexplored in low-income countries like Haiti. We describe perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived violence using the Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and the City Stress Inventory scores. We hypothesized lower cohesion and higher violence were associated with higher stress, depression, and hypertension. We collected data from a population-based cohort of adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between March 2019 to August 2021, including stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), and blood pressure (BP). Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medications. Covariates that were adjusted for included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, income, and education, multivariable linear and Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Among 2,961 adults, 58.0% were female and median age was 40 years (IQR:28–55). Participants reported high cohesion (median 15/25, IQR:14–17) and moderate violence (9/20, IQR:7–11). Stress was moderate (8/16) and 12.6% had at least moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥11). Median systolic BP was 118 mmHg, median diastolic BP 72 mmHg, and 29.2% had hypertension. In regressions, higher violence was associated with higher prevalence ratios of moderate-to-severe depression (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: PR 1.12, 95%CI:1.09 to 1.16) and stress (+0.3 score, 95%CI:0.01 to 0.6) but not hypertension. Cohesion was associated with lower stress (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: -0.4 score, 95%CI: -0.7 to -0.2) but not depression or hypertension. In summary, urban Haitians reported high perceived cohesion and moderate violence, with higher violence associated with higher stress and depression. Public Library of Science 2022-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9937441/ /pubmed/36819610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000503 Text en © 2022 Yan et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Yan, Lily D. McNairy, Margaret L. Dévieux, Jessy G. Pierre, Jean Lookens Dade, Eliezer Sufra, Rodney Gerber, Linda M. Roberts, Nicholas St Preux, Stephano Malebranche, Rodolphe Metz, Miranda Tymejczyk, Olga Nash, Denis Deschamps, Marie Safford, Monica M. Pape, Jean W. Rouzier, Vanessa Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title | Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title_full | Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title_fullStr | Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title_short | Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
title_sort | neighborhood cohesion and violence in port-au-prince, haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: findings from the haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36819610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000503 |
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