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Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Glia cells are essential for brain functioning during development, aging and disease. However, the role of astroglia plays during brain development is quite different from the role played in the adult lesioned brain. Therefore, a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying astroglia activity...

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Autores principales: Pinosanu, Leonard Radu, Capitanescu, Bogdan, Glavan, Daniela, Godeanu, Sanziana, Cadenas, Israel Ferna´ndez, Doeppner, Thorsten R., Hermann, Dirk M., Balseanu, Adrian-Tudor, Bogdan, Catalin, Popa-Wagner, Aurel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: JKL International LLC 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36818562
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.0621
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author Pinosanu, Leonard Radu
Capitanescu, Bogdan
Glavan, Daniela
Godeanu, Sanziana
Cadenas, Israel Ferna´ndez
Doeppner, Thorsten R.
Hermann, Dirk M.
Balseanu, Adrian-Tudor
Bogdan, Catalin
Popa-Wagner, Aurel
author_facet Pinosanu, Leonard Radu
Capitanescu, Bogdan
Glavan, Daniela
Godeanu, Sanziana
Cadenas, Israel Ferna´ndez
Doeppner, Thorsten R.
Hermann, Dirk M.
Balseanu, Adrian-Tudor
Bogdan, Catalin
Popa-Wagner, Aurel
author_sort Pinosanu, Leonard Radu
collection PubMed
description Glia cells are essential for brain functioning during development, aging and disease. However, the role of astroglia plays during brain development is quite different from the role played in the adult lesioned brain. Therefore, a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying astroglia activity in the aging brain and cerebrovascular diseases is essential to guide the development of new therapeutic strategies. To this end, this review provides a comparison between the transcriptomic activity of astroglia cells during development, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral ischemia. During fetal brain development, astrocytes and microglia often affect the same developmental processes such as neuro-/gliogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic pruning. In the adult brain astrocytes are a critical player in the synapse remodeling by mediating synapse elimination while microglia activity has been associated with changes in synaptic plasticity and remove cell debris by constantly sensing the environment. However, in the lesioned brain astrocytes proliferate and play essential functions with regard to energy supply to the neurons, neurotransmission and buildup of a protective scar isolating the lesion site from the surroundings. Inflammation, neurodegeneration, or loss of brain homeostasis induce changes in microglia gene expression, morphology, and function, generally referred to as “primed” microglia. These changes in gene expression are characterized by an enrichment of phagosome, lysosome, and antigen presentation signaling pathways and is associated with an up-regulation of genes encoding cell surface receptors. In addition, primed microglia are characterized by upregulation of a network of genes in response to interferon gamma. Conclusion. A comparison of astroglia cells transcriptomic activity during brain development, aging and neurodegenerative disorders might provide us with new therapeutic strategies with which to protect the aging brain and improve clinical outcome.
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spelling pubmed-99376972023-02-18 Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Pinosanu, Leonard Radu Capitanescu, Bogdan Glavan, Daniela Godeanu, Sanziana Cadenas, Israel Ferna´ndez Doeppner, Thorsten R. Hermann, Dirk M. Balseanu, Adrian-Tudor Bogdan, Catalin Popa-Wagner, Aurel Aging Dis Review Glia cells are essential for brain functioning during development, aging and disease. However, the role of astroglia plays during brain development is quite different from the role played in the adult lesioned brain. Therefore, a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying astroglia activity in the aging brain and cerebrovascular diseases is essential to guide the development of new therapeutic strategies. To this end, this review provides a comparison between the transcriptomic activity of astroglia cells during development, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral ischemia. During fetal brain development, astrocytes and microglia often affect the same developmental processes such as neuro-/gliogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic pruning. In the adult brain astrocytes are a critical player in the synapse remodeling by mediating synapse elimination while microglia activity has been associated with changes in synaptic plasticity and remove cell debris by constantly sensing the environment. However, in the lesioned brain astrocytes proliferate and play essential functions with regard to energy supply to the neurons, neurotransmission and buildup of a protective scar isolating the lesion site from the surroundings. Inflammation, neurodegeneration, or loss of brain homeostasis induce changes in microglia gene expression, morphology, and function, generally referred to as “primed” microglia. These changes in gene expression are characterized by an enrichment of phagosome, lysosome, and antigen presentation signaling pathways and is associated with an up-regulation of genes encoding cell surface receptors. In addition, primed microglia are characterized by upregulation of a network of genes in response to interferon gamma. Conclusion. A comparison of astroglia cells transcriptomic activity during brain development, aging and neurodegenerative disorders might provide us with new therapeutic strategies with which to protect the aging brain and improve clinical outcome. JKL International LLC 2023-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9937697/ /pubmed/36818562 http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.0621 Text en copyright: © 2022 Pinosanu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Pinosanu, Leonard Radu
Capitanescu, Bogdan
Glavan, Daniela
Godeanu, Sanziana
Cadenas, Israel Ferna´ndez
Doeppner, Thorsten R.
Hermann, Dirk M.
Balseanu, Adrian-Tudor
Bogdan, Catalin
Popa-Wagner, Aurel
Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort neuroglia cells transcriptomic in brain development, aging and neurodegenerative diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9937697/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36818562
http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.0621
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