Application of deep learning-based super-resolution to T1-weighted postcontrast gradient echo imaging of the chest

OBJECTIVES: A deep learning-based super-resolution for postcontrast volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) of the chest was investigated in this study. Aim was to improve image quality, noise, artifacts and diagnostic confidence without change of acquisition parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients who received VIBE postcontrast imaging of the chest at 1.5 T were included in this retrospective study. After acquisition of the standard VIBE (VIBE(S)), a novel deep learning-based algorithm and a denoising algorithm were applied, resulting in enhanced images (VIBE(DL)). Two radiologists qualitatively evaluated both datasets independently, rating sharpness of soft tissue, vessels, bronchial structures, lymph nodes, artifacts, cardiac motion artifacts, noise levels and overall diagnostic confidence, using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4. In the presence of lung lesions, the largest lesion was rated regarding sharpness and diagnostic confidence using the same Likert scale as mentioned above. Additionally, the largest diameter of the lesion was measured. RESULTS: The sharpness of soft tissue, vessels, bronchial structures and lymph nodes as well as the diagnostic confidence, the extent of artifacts, the extent of cardiac motion artifacts and noise levels were rated superior in VIBE(DL) (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diameter or the localization of the largest lung lesion in VIBE(DL) compared to VIBE(S). Lesion sharpness as well as detectability was rated significantly better by both readers with VIBE(DL) (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The application of a novel deep learning-based super-resolution approach in T1-weighted VIBE postcontrast imaging resulted in an improvement in image quality, noise levels and diagnostic confidence as well as in a shortened acquisition time.