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Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases

Thyroid disorders are known to cause neuropsychiatric manifestations. Various neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, dementia, mania, and autoimmune Hashimoto encephalopathy. Numerous investigations carried out in the previous 50-60 years have been evaluated critically. The pathophysiology...

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Autores principales: Lekurwale, Vedant, Acharya, Sourya, Shukla, Samarth, Kumar, Sunil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36811059
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33987
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author Lekurwale, Vedant
Acharya, Sourya
Shukla, Samarth
Kumar, Sunil
author_facet Lekurwale, Vedant
Acharya, Sourya
Shukla, Samarth
Kumar, Sunil
author_sort Lekurwale, Vedant
collection PubMed
description Thyroid disorders are known to cause neuropsychiatric manifestations. Various neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, dementia, mania, and autoimmune Hashimoto encephalopathy. Numerous investigations carried out in the previous 50-60 years have been evaluated critically. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms of thyroid diseases is described in the current study and its link with autoimmune Hashimoto encephalopathy is also discussed. Furthermore, this paper also describes the association between thyroid-stimulating hormones and cognitive impairment. Hypothyroidism is associated with depression and mania, and hyperthyroidism is linked with dementia and mania. The association between Graves' disease and various mental disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders is also discussed. The aim of this study is to review the relationship between various neuropsychiatric disorders and thyroid diseases. A literature search from the PubMed database to find various neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disorders in the adult population was conducted. According to the review of the studies, cognitive impairment can result from thyroid disease. It has not been possible to demonstrate how hyperthyroidism can hasten the process of developing dementia. However, subclinical hyperthyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below the normal range, and high free thyroxine (T4) levels all raise the risk of dementia in the elderly. Additionally, the potential mechanisms underlying this association have been examined. A quick summary of the research on mania as a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism and its likely causes and pathogenesis is also reviewed. There is no dearth of evidence that describes various neuropsychiatric manifestation in thyroid disorders.
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spelling pubmed-99389512023-02-20 Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases Lekurwale, Vedant Acharya, Sourya Shukla, Samarth Kumar, Sunil Cureus Internal Medicine Thyroid disorders are known to cause neuropsychiatric manifestations. Various neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, dementia, mania, and autoimmune Hashimoto encephalopathy. Numerous investigations carried out in the previous 50-60 years have been evaluated critically. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms of thyroid diseases is described in the current study and its link with autoimmune Hashimoto encephalopathy is also discussed. Furthermore, this paper also describes the association between thyroid-stimulating hormones and cognitive impairment. Hypothyroidism is associated with depression and mania, and hyperthyroidism is linked with dementia and mania. The association between Graves' disease and various mental disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders is also discussed. The aim of this study is to review the relationship between various neuropsychiatric disorders and thyroid diseases. A literature search from the PubMed database to find various neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disorders in the adult population was conducted. According to the review of the studies, cognitive impairment can result from thyroid disease. It has not been possible to demonstrate how hyperthyroidism can hasten the process of developing dementia. However, subclinical hyperthyroidism, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below the normal range, and high free thyroxine (T4) levels all raise the risk of dementia in the elderly. Additionally, the potential mechanisms underlying this association have been examined. A quick summary of the research on mania as a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism and its likely causes and pathogenesis is also reviewed. There is no dearth of evidence that describes various neuropsychiatric manifestation in thyroid disorders. Cureus 2023-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9938951/ /pubmed/36811059 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33987 Text en Copyright © 2023, Lekurwale et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Lekurwale, Vedant
Acharya, Sourya
Shukla, Samarth
Kumar, Sunil
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title_full Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title_fullStr Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title_short Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Diseases
title_sort neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid diseases
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36811059
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33987
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