A hypoxia‐related lncRNA model for prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis

BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common and highly heterogeneous malignancies worldwide. Increasing studies have proven that hypoxia and related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in the occurrence and prognosis of HNSCC. The goal of this work is to construct a risk assessment model using hypoxia‐related lncRNAs (hrlncRNAs) for HNSCC prognosis prediction and personalized treatment. METHODS: Transcriptome expression matrix, clinical follow‐up data, and somatic mutation data of HNSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We used co‐expression analysis to identify hrlncRNAs, then screened for differentially expressed lncRNAs (DEhrlncRNAs), and paired these DEhrlncRNAs. The risk model was established through univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and stepwise multivariate Cox regression. Finally, we assessed the model from multiple perspectives of tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor immune infiltration, chemotherapeutic sensitivity, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), and functional enrichment. RESULTS: The risk assessment model included 14 hrlncRNA pairs. The risk score was observed to be a reliable prognostic factor. The high‐risk patients had an unfavorable prognosis and significant differences from the low‐risk group in TMB and tumor immune infiltration. In the high‐risk patients, the common immune checkpoints were down‐regulated, including CTLA4 and PDCD1, and the sensibility to paclitaxel and docetaxel was higher. The functional enrichment analysis suggested that the low‐risk group was accompanied by activated immune function. CONCLUSIONS: The risk assessment model of 14‐hrlncRNA‐pairs demonstrated a promising prognostic prediction for HNSCC patients and can guide personalized clinical treatment.