Outcomes of the Posterior Approach for the Treatment of Radial Head Fractures and Associated Elbow Injuries: A Retrospective Observational Study

Background: The lateral approach to the radial head remains the routinely used approach for surgical fixation or replacement despite the risk of injury to lateral soft tissue structures. Multiple approaches are required when dealing with complex elbow injuries involving other bony and soft tissue structures which lead to greater soft tissue dissection, prolonged immobilization, and a higher rate of elbow stiffness. This article utilizes a single posterior approach involving the Boyd interval in the surgical management of radial head fractures with an associated elbow injury. Methods: Thirteen patients with radial head fractures and related elbow injuries treated with the posterior approach to the elbow were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were operated on by a single surgeon and followed up for a minimum of 18 months postoperatively. Functional evaluation of the patients was performed at the final follow-up which comprised a range of movements of the elbow, visual analogue scale (VAS), Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Results: The mean VAS score was 2.16, QuickDASH score, and Mayo elbow score were 7.15 ± 2.96 and 78.46 ± 8.26 respectively. The flexion-extension arc of the elbow was 128.46 ± 4.27 degrees and the supination-pronation arc was 133.92 ± 4.04 degrees at one-year follow-up. Two patients developed early postoperative complications (elbow stiffness and ulnar nerve neuropraxia) and recovered spontaneously. No patients developed neuropraxia of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN). Conclusion: The single incision posterior (Boyd) approach to the elbow offers complete access to the radial head, olecranon, coronoid, and lateral ligamentous structures in complex elbow injuries and provides good functional outcomes in our small observational study.