Pelagic calcium carbonate production and shallow dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean

Planktonic calcifying organisms play a key role in regulating ocean carbonate chemistry and atmospheric CO(2). Surprisingly, references to the absolute and relative contribution of these organisms to calcium carbonate production are lacking. Here we report quantification of pelagic calcium carbonate production in the North Pacific, providing new insights on the contribution of the three main planktonic calcifying groups. Our results show that coccolithophores dominate the living calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) standing stock, with coccolithophore calcite comprising ~90% of total CaCO(3) production, and pteropods and foraminifera playing a secondary role. We show that pelagic CaCO(3) production is higher than the sinking flux of CaCO(3) at 150 and 200 m at ocean stations ALOHA and PAPA, implying that a large portion of pelagic calcium carbonate is remineralised within the photic zone; this extensive shallow dissolution explains the apparent discrepancy between previous estimates of CaCO(3) production derived from satellite observations/biogeochemical modeling versus estimates from shallow sediment traps. We suggest future changes in the CaCO(3) cycle and its impact on atmospheric CO(2) will largely depend on how the poorly-understood processes that determine whether CaCO(3) is remineralised in the photic zone or exported to depth respond to anthropogenic warming and acidification.