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Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has an extremely high fatality rate worldwide, and survival after metastasis is extremely poor. Cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1) has prognostic significance in various tumors. We aimed to explore the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of CYTL1 in STAD...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Fang, Lin, QianXia, Zheng, ZiHan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9941682/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36825034
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2926218
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author Zhou, Fang
Lin, QianXia
Zheng, ZiHan
author_facet Zhou, Fang
Lin, QianXia
Zheng, ZiHan
author_sort Zhou, Fang
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has an extremely high fatality rate worldwide, and survival after metastasis is extremely poor. Cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1) has prognostic significance in various tumors. We aimed to explore the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of CYTL1 in STAD through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: We used R software to analyze CYTL1 expression in STAD samples (n = 375) and normal samples (n = 32) in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to verify the relationship between CYTL1 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) based on the clinical characteristics and subgroups of patients with STAD. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to verify the outcome variables of OS and DSS in patients with STAD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test the predictive power of CYTL1. The biological functions and signaling pathways of CYTL1 were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the immune infiltration patterns of CYTL1 and correlation of immune-related markers were analyzed using single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and an estimate algorithm. RESULTS: In our research, low CYTL1 expression (tumor vs. normal) was noted in patients with STAD. High CYTL1 expression was detrimental to OS and DSS and had good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.731). In the subtype analysis of STAD, T3 and T4 stages, N0 and N1 stages, M0 stage, gender (female), and age (≤65 years) showed different performances between OS and DSS. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified CYTL1 as an independent factor, and logistic regression analysis indicated that CYTL1 was associated with M stage (OR = 3.406) and sex (OR = 1.535). GSEA of the differential genes of CYTL1 showed the possible involvement of immunity. ssGSEA and estimation algorithms were used to further evaluate whether immune cells were closely related to CYTL1 expression, and many markers of immune cells also had statistical significance with the expression of CYTL1. CONCLUSION: CYTL1 may, thus, act as an independent prognostic factor for STAD and regulate STAD progression by affecting the immune microenvironment.
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spelling pubmed-99416822023-02-22 Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma Zhou, Fang Lin, QianXia Zheng, ZiHan Biomed Res Int Research Article BACKGROUND: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has an extremely high fatality rate worldwide, and survival after metastasis is extremely poor. Cytokine-like protein 1 (CYTL1) has prognostic significance in various tumors. We aimed to explore the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of CYTL1 in STAD through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: We used R software to analyze CYTL1 expression in STAD samples (n = 375) and normal samples (n = 32) in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to verify the relationship between CYTL1 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) based on the clinical characteristics and subgroups of patients with STAD. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to verify the outcome variables of OS and DSS in patients with STAD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test the predictive power of CYTL1. The biological functions and signaling pathways of CYTL1 were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the immune infiltration patterns of CYTL1 and correlation of immune-related markers were analyzed using single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and an estimate algorithm. RESULTS: In our research, low CYTL1 expression (tumor vs. normal) was noted in patients with STAD. High CYTL1 expression was detrimental to OS and DSS and had good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.731). In the subtype analysis of STAD, T3 and T4 stages, N0 and N1 stages, M0 stage, gender (female), and age (≤65 years) showed different performances between OS and DSS. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified CYTL1 as an independent factor, and logistic regression analysis indicated that CYTL1 was associated with M stage (OR = 3.406) and sex (OR = 1.535). GSEA of the differential genes of CYTL1 showed the possible involvement of immunity. ssGSEA and estimation algorithms were used to further evaluate whether immune cells were closely related to CYTL1 expression, and many markers of immune cells also had statistical significance with the expression of CYTL1. CONCLUSION: CYTL1 may, thus, act as an independent prognostic factor for STAD and regulate STAD progression by affecting the immune microenvironment. Hindawi 2023-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9941682/ /pubmed/36825034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2926218 Text en Copyright © 2023 Fang Zhou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhou, Fang
Lin, QianXia
Zheng, ZiHan
Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title_full Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title_fullStr Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title_short Cytokine-Like Protein 1 (CYTL1) as a Key Target of M-Stage Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
title_sort cytokine-like protein 1 (cytl1) as a key target of m-stage immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9941682/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36825034
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2926218
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