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Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the orbit that causes the eye to appear disfigured. GO is typically associated with Graves’ disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition that is caused by thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies. Although our knowledge of the pathophysiology...

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Autores principales: Baeg, Joonyoung, Choi, Han Sol, Kim, Charm, Kim, Hyuna, Jang, Sun Young
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9941741/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36824601
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1080204
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author Baeg, Joonyoung
Choi, Han Sol
Kim, Charm
Kim, Hyuna
Jang, Sun Young
author_facet Baeg, Joonyoung
Choi, Han Sol
Kim, Charm
Kim, Hyuna
Jang, Sun Young
author_sort Baeg, Joonyoung
collection PubMed
description Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the orbit that causes the eye to appear disfigured. GO is typically associated with Graves’ disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition that is caused by thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies. Although our knowledge of the pathophysiology of GO has improved, its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Some patients suffer from disfigurement, double vision, and even vision loss rather than hyperthyroidism. The disease severity and activity prompt different treatments, as the signs of GO are heterogeneous, so their management can be very complex. Despite medical advances, the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe active GO is still glucocorticoids, while surgery can be critical for the treatment of chronic inactive GO. Surgery is sometimes required in the acute phase of the disease when there is an immediate risk to vision, such as in dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Most surgeries for GO are rehabilitative and subdivided into three categories: decompression, strabismus repair, and lid surgery. This review is a basic overview of the field, with up-to-date knowledge of the surgical techniques for GO. We review and summarize recent literature on the advances in surgery for GO to provide up-to-date insights on the optimal surgical treatment for GO.
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spelling pubmed-99417412023-02-22 Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy Baeg, Joonyoung Choi, Han Sol Kim, Charm Kim, Hyuna Jang, Sun Young Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a complex autoimmune disorder of the orbit that causes the eye to appear disfigured. GO is typically associated with Graves’ disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition that is caused by thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies. Although our knowledge of the pathophysiology of GO has improved, its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Some patients suffer from disfigurement, double vision, and even vision loss rather than hyperthyroidism. The disease severity and activity prompt different treatments, as the signs of GO are heterogeneous, so their management can be very complex. Despite medical advances, the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe active GO is still glucocorticoids, while surgery can be critical for the treatment of chronic inactive GO. Surgery is sometimes required in the acute phase of the disease when there is an immediate risk to vision, such as in dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Most surgeries for GO are rehabilitative and subdivided into three categories: decompression, strabismus repair, and lid surgery. This review is a basic overview of the field, with up-to-date knowledge of the surgical techniques for GO. We review and summarize recent literature on the advances in surgery for GO to provide up-to-date insights on the optimal surgical treatment for GO. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9941741/ /pubmed/36824601 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1080204 Text en Copyright © 2023 Baeg, Choi, Kim, Kim and Jang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Baeg, Joonyoung
Choi, Han Sol
Kim, Charm
Kim, Hyuna
Jang, Sun Young
Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title_full Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title_fullStr Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title_full_unstemmed Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title_short Update on the surgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy
title_sort update on the surgical management of graves’ orbitopathy
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9941741/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36824601
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1080204
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