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Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic

The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Coagulopathies, septic shock leading eventually to death. ARDS was a consequence of Cytokine storm. The viral SARS-COV...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Vikram, Yasmeen, Nusrath, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, Alawam, Abdullah S., Al-Zharani, Mohammed, Suliman Basher, Nosiba, Harikrishnan, S., Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha, Pandey, Aishwarya, Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh, Sharma, Pushpender Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36825200
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1104577
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author Kumar, Vikram
Yasmeen, Nusrath
Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad
Alawam, Abdullah S.
Al-Zharani, Mohammed
Suliman Basher, Nosiba
Harikrishnan, S.
Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha
Pandey, Aishwarya
Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh
Sharma, Pushpender Kumar
author_facet Kumar, Vikram
Yasmeen, Nusrath
Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad
Alawam, Abdullah S.
Al-Zharani, Mohammed
Suliman Basher, Nosiba
Harikrishnan, S.
Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha
Pandey, Aishwarya
Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh
Sharma, Pushpender Kumar
author_sort Kumar, Vikram
collection PubMed
description The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Coagulopathies, septic shock leading eventually to death. ARDS was a consequence of Cytokine storm. The viral SARS-COV2infection lead to avalanche of cytokines and eicosanoids causing “cytokine storm” and “eicosanoid storm.” Cytokine storm is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory responses triggered by binding of virus particles to ACE2 receptors of alveolar macrophages, arise mainly due to over production of various pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, causing pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure. Cytokine storm was regarded as the predictor of severity of the disease and was deemed one of the causes of the high mortality rates due to the COVID-19. The basis of cytokine storm is imbalanced switching between an inflammation increasing - pro-inflammatory (M1) and an inflammation regulating-anti-inflammatory (M2) forms of alveolar macrophages which further deteriorates if opportunistic secondary bacterial infections prevail in the lungs. Lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the virus and its influence on co-morbidities, clinical treatment of the diseases included exorbitant use of antibiotics to mitigate secondary bacterial infections, which led to the unwarranted development of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the population across the globe. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs to be addressed from various perspectives as it may deprive future generations of the basic health immunity. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are generated from the stereoselective enzymatic conversions of essential fatty acids that serve as immune resolvents in controlling acute inflammatory responses. SPMs facilitate the clearance of injured tissue and cell debris, the removal of pathogens, and augment the concentration of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The SPMs, e.g., lipoxins, protectins, and resolvins have been implicated in exerting inhibitory influence on with cytokine storm. Experimental evidence suggests that SPMS lower antibiotic requirement. Therefore, in this review potential roles of SPMs in enhancing macrophage polarization, triggering immunological functions, hastening inflammation resolution, subsiding cytokine storm and decreasing antibiotic requirement that can reduce AMR load are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-99420012023-02-22 Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic Kumar, Vikram Yasmeen, Nusrath Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad Alawam, Abdullah S. Al-Zharani, Mohammed Suliman Basher, Nosiba Harikrishnan, S. Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha Pandey, Aishwarya Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh Sharma, Pushpender Kumar Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Coagulopathies, septic shock leading eventually to death. ARDS was a consequence of Cytokine storm. The viral SARS-COV2infection lead to avalanche of cytokines and eicosanoids causing “cytokine storm” and “eicosanoid storm.” Cytokine storm is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory responses triggered by binding of virus particles to ACE2 receptors of alveolar macrophages, arise mainly due to over production of various pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, causing pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure. Cytokine storm was regarded as the predictor of severity of the disease and was deemed one of the causes of the high mortality rates due to the COVID-19. The basis of cytokine storm is imbalanced switching between an inflammation increasing - pro-inflammatory (M1) and an inflammation regulating-anti-inflammatory (M2) forms of alveolar macrophages which further deteriorates if opportunistic secondary bacterial infections prevail in the lungs. Lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the virus and its influence on co-morbidities, clinical treatment of the diseases included exorbitant use of antibiotics to mitigate secondary bacterial infections, which led to the unwarranted development of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the population across the globe. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs to be addressed from various perspectives as it may deprive future generations of the basic health immunity. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are generated from the stereoselective enzymatic conversions of essential fatty acids that serve as immune resolvents in controlling acute inflammatory responses. SPMs facilitate the clearance of injured tissue and cell debris, the removal of pathogens, and augment the concentration of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The SPMs, e.g., lipoxins, protectins, and resolvins have been implicated in exerting inhibitory influence on with cytokine storm. Experimental evidence suggests that SPMS lower antibiotic requirement. Therefore, in this review potential roles of SPMs in enhancing macrophage polarization, triggering immunological functions, hastening inflammation resolution, subsiding cytokine storm and decreasing antibiotic requirement that can reduce AMR load are discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9942001/ /pubmed/36825200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1104577 Text en Copyright © 2023 Kumar, Yasmeen, Chaudhary, Alawam, Al-Zharani, Suliman Basher, Harikrishnan, Goud, Pandey, Lakhawat and Sharma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Kumar, Vikram
Yasmeen, Nusrath
Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad
Alawam, Abdullah S.
Al-Zharani, Mohammed
Suliman Basher, Nosiba
Harikrishnan, S.
Goud, Muddapuram Deeksha
Pandey, Aishwarya
Lakhawat, Sudarshan Singh
Sharma, Pushpender Kumar
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title_full Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title_short Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: a paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating covid-19 pandemic
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36825200
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1104577
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