The Importance of Mitral Valve Prolapse Doming Volume in the Assessment of Left Ventricular Stroke Volume with Cardiac MRI

There remains a debate whether the ventricular volume within prolapsing mitral valve (MV) leaflets should be included in the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volume, and therefore factored in LV stroke volume (SV), in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessments. This study aims to compare LV volumes during end-systolic phases, with and without the inclusion of the volume of blood on the left atrial aspect of the atrioventricular groove but still within the MV prolapsing leaflets, against the reference LV SV by four-dimensional flow (4DF). A total of 15 patients with MV prolapse (MVP) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. We compared LV SV with (LV SV(MVP)) and without (LV SV(standard)) MVP left ventricular doming volume, using 4D flow (LV SV(4DF)) as the reference value. Significant differences were observed when comparing LV SV(standard) and LV SV(MVP) (p < 0.001), and between LV SV(standard) and LV SV(4DF) (p = 0.02). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test demonstrated good repeatability between LV SV(MVP) and LV SV(4DF) (ICC = 0.86, p < 0.001) but only moderate repeatability between LV SV(standard) and LV SV(4DF) (ICC = 0.75, p < 0.01). Calculating LV SV by including the MVP left ventricular doming volume has a higher consistency with LV SV derived from the 4DF assessment. In conclusion, LV SV short-axis cine assessment incorporating MVP dooming volume can significantly improve the precision of LV SV assessment compared to the reference 4DF method. Hence, in cases with bi-leaflet MVP, we recommend factoring in MVP dooming into the left ventricular end-systolic volume to improve the accuracy and precision of quantifying mitral regurgitation.