Macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the diet of multiple sclerosis patients

PURPOSE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which multifocal damage to the brain and spinal cord occurs. The etiology of MS remains unclear but it is often recognized by researchers as a multifactorial disease that involves autoimmune and genetic predisposition combined with environmental influences (e.g., low vitamin D levels, smoking, obesity). An adequate and balanced diet can be extremely helpful in improving the condition of MS patients, effectively supporting pharmacological therapy. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether, and if so, to what extent, the intake of macronutrients, vitamins, and microelements may affect the course of MS. VIEWS: The review presents data from studies published between 2017 and 2022. CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous studies on the role of specific dietary components in the treatment of MS, but the results are still limited. More work is needed to define the tools required for the assessment of patients’ eating habits because dietary factors can affect the functioning and quality of life of MS patients and should therefore be evaluated to assist in comprehensive treatment and recovery.