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Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, markedly elevated serum insulin, and positive insulin autoantibodies. In recent years, various countries have reported it one after another. It can be seen that we must pay atte...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lin, MingXu, Chen, YuHua, Ning, Jie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9946739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36844104
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1225676
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author Lin, MingXu
Chen, YuHua
Ning, Jie
author_facet Lin, MingXu
Chen, YuHua
Ning, Jie
author_sort Lin, MingXu
collection PubMed
description Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, markedly elevated serum insulin, and positive insulin autoantibodies. In recent years, various countries have reported it one after another. It can be seen that we must pay attention to this disease. The diagnosis of IAS is challenging, requiring a careful workup aimed at excluding other causes of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. High levels of insulin autoantibodies are found in patients, and C-peptide is not parallel to insulin, which could be diagnostic. IAS is a self-limiting disease with a good prognosis. Its treatment mainly includes symptomatic supportive treatment, such as adjusting the diet and using acarbose and other drugs to delay the absorption of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia. For patients with severe symptoms, available treatments may include drugs that reduce pancreatic insulin secretion (such as somatostatin and diazoxide), immunosuppressants (glucocorticoids, zaprin, and rituximab), and even plasma exchange to remove autoantibodies from the body. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and identification, and monitoring and treatment management of IAS.
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spelling pubmed-99467392023-02-23 Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review Lin, MingXu Chen, YuHua Ning, Jie Int J Endocrinol Review Article Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, markedly elevated serum insulin, and positive insulin autoantibodies. In recent years, various countries have reported it one after another. It can be seen that we must pay attention to this disease. The diagnosis of IAS is challenging, requiring a careful workup aimed at excluding other causes of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. High levels of insulin autoantibodies are found in patients, and C-peptide is not parallel to insulin, which could be diagnostic. IAS is a self-limiting disease with a good prognosis. Its treatment mainly includes symptomatic supportive treatment, such as adjusting the diet and using acarbose and other drugs to delay the absorption of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia. For patients with severe symptoms, available treatments may include drugs that reduce pancreatic insulin secretion (such as somatostatin and diazoxide), immunosuppressants (glucocorticoids, zaprin, and rituximab), and even plasma exchange to remove autoantibodies from the body. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and identification, and monitoring and treatment management of IAS. Hindawi 2023-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9946739/ /pubmed/36844104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1225676 Text en Copyright © 2023 MingXu Lin et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lin, MingXu
Chen, YuHua
Ning, Jie
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title_full Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title_short Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
title_sort insulin autoimmune syndrome: a systematic review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9946739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36844104
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1225676
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