Early identification and treatment for peripheral arterial disease in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide and is often caused by atherosclerosis. As a systemic disease, atherosclerosis usually affects multiple vascular beds, mainly including cerebral, coronary, and peripheral arteries. Therefore, ICVD is easily complicated by lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ICVD patients with PAD have more serious symptoms and a worse prognosis, however, neurologists might neglect the evaluation and management of the coexistent PAD, and there is still a lack of consensuses about the diagnosis and treatment for such patients. By summarizing relevant research progresses, this review showed that duplex ultrasound had more advantages in the early screening and evaluation of PAD in ICVD patients among multiple methods to diagnose PAD. Furthermore, the current evidence seems to support that single-drug antiplatelet can be used as the basic treatment, and new antithrombotic strategies, such as ticagrelor only or aspirin combined with low-dose rivaroxaban are expected to further reduce the incidence of stroke for ICVD patients with PAD. More effective treatments would be explored by large-scale trials to guide the clinical management to prevent secondary stroke for such patients.