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A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the most common spindle cell neoplasms of the alimentary system, and can arise anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Its incidence rate is up to 22 cases per million, with a minor geographic variation. GIST is thought to originate from inters...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36843793 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34164 |
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author | Baek, Woong Kee Ni, Pu Zeng, Jennifer Collins, Victoria Zeizafoun, Nebras |
author_facet | Baek, Woong Kee Ni, Pu Zeng, Jennifer Collins, Victoria Zeizafoun, Nebras |
author_sort | Baek, Woong Kee |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the most common spindle cell neoplasms of the alimentary system, and can arise anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Its incidence rate is up to 22 cases per million, with a minor geographic variation. GIST is thought to originate from interstitial cell of Cajal, and its pathogenesis is related to molecular defects, such as KIT receptor tyrosine kinase or platelet-derived growth receptor alpha gene activation. While the majority of GISTs are known to show a benign disease course, metastases of high-grade forms to different organ systems have been seldom reported. We present a case with an unprecedented metastasis of GIST to the breast. The patient is a 62-year-old female with a history of the primary resection of GIST from the small intestine. Her disease course was initially complicated by multiple metastases, solely localized to the liver for which she had a living-donor liver transplant. The tumor harbored both KIT exon 11 and exon 17 mutation. Fourteen months post-transplant, the patient was found to have metastatic GIST on her breast biopsy. GIST metastasis to the breast is extremely rare. A consideration of this spindle cell neoplasm as a differential is recommended when clinical suspicion arises. The pathophysiology, current diagnostic tool, grading system, and treatment of this tumor are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9949736 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99497362023-02-24 A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Baek, Woong Kee Ni, Pu Zeng, Jennifer Collins, Victoria Zeizafoun, Nebras Cureus Pathology Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the most common spindle cell neoplasms of the alimentary system, and can arise anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Its incidence rate is up to 22 cases per million, with a minor geographic variation. GIST is thought to originate from interstitial cell of Cajal, and its pathogenesis is related to molecular defects, such as KIT receptor tyrosine kinase or platelet-derived growth receptor alpha gene activation. While the majority of GISTs are known to show a benign disease course, metastases of high-grade forms to different organ systems have been seldom reported. We present a case with an unprecedented metastasis of GIST to the breast. The patient is a 62-year-old female with a history of the primary resection of GIST from the small intestine. Her disease course was initially complicated by multiple metastases, solely localized to the liver for which she had a living-donor liver transplant. The tumor harbored both KIT exon 11 and exon 17 mutation. Fourteen months post-transplant, the patient was found to have metastatic GIST on her breast biopsy. GIST metastasis to the breast is extremely rare. A consideration of this spindle cell neoplasm as a differential is recommended when clinical suspicion arises. The pathophysiology, current diagnostic tool, grading system, and treatment of this tumor are discussed. Cureus 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9949736/ /pubmed/36843793 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34164 Text en Copyright © 2023, Baek et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Pathology Baek, Woong Kee Ni, Pu Zeng, Jennifer Collins, Victoria Zeizafoun, Nebras A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title | A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title_full | A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title_fullStr | A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title_full_unstemmed | A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title_short | A Rare Case of Breast Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
title_sort | rare case of breast metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor |
topic | Pathology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36843793 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34164 |
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