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Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant organism that is emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen. Despite this, information on the epidemiology and characteristics of this bacterium, especially in Thailand, is rarely found. This study aimed to determine the demographic, genotyp...

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Autores principales: Yinsai, Orathai, Deeudom, Manu, Duangsonk, Kwanjit
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951947/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020410
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author Yinsai, Orathai
Deeudom, Manu
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
author_facet Yinsai, Orathai
Deeudom, Manu
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
author_sort Yinsai, Orathai
collection PubMed
description Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant organism that is emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen. Despite this, information on the epidemiology and characteristics of this bacterium, especially in Thailand, is rarely found. This study aimed to determine the demographic, genotypic, and phenotypic characteristics of S. maltophilia isolates from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand. A total of 200 S. maltophilia isolates were collected from four types of clinical specimens from 2015 to 2016 and most of the isolates were from sputum. In terms of clinical characteristics, male and aged patients were more susceptible to an S. maltophilia infection. The majority of included patients had underlying diseases and were hospitalized with associated invasive procedures. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. maltophilia isolates showed the highest frequency of resistance to ceftazidime and the lower frequency of resistance to chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and no resistance to minocycline. The predominant antibiotic resistance genes among the 200 isolates were the smeF gene (91.5%), followed by bla(L1) and bla(L2) genes (43% and 10%), respectively. Other antibiotic resistance genes detected were floR (8.5%), intI1 (7%), sul1 (6%), mfsA (4%) and sul2 (2%). Most S. maltophilia isolates could produce biofilm and could swim in a semisolid medium, however, none of the isolates could swarm. All isolates were positive for hemolysin production, whereas 91.5% and 22.5% of isolates could release protease and lipase enzymes, respectively. In MLST analysis, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed among the 200 S. maltophilia isolates. One hundred and forty-one sequence types (STs), including 130 novel STs, were identified and categorized into six different clonal complex groups. The differences in drug resistance patterns and genetic profiles exhibited various phenotypes of biofilm formation, motility, toxin, and enzymes production which support this bacterium in its virulence and pathogenicity. This study reviewed the characteristics of genotypes and phenotypes of S. maltophilia from Thailand which is necessary for the control and prevention of S. maltophilia local spreading.
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spelling pubmed-99519472023-02-25 Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting Yinsai, Orathai Deeudom, Manu Duangsonk, Kwanjit Antibiotics (Basel) Article Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant organism that is emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen. Despite this, information on the epidemiology and characteristics of this bacterium, especially in Thailand, is rarely found. This study aimed to determine the demographic, genotypic, and phenotypic characteristics of S. maltophilia isolates from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand. A total of 200 S. maltophilia isolates were collected from four types of clinical specimens from 2015 to 2016 and most of the isolates were from sputum. In terms of clinical characteristics, male and aged patients were more susceptible to an S. maltophilia infection. The majority of included patients had underlying diseases and were hospitalized with associated invasive procedures. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. maltophilia isolates showed the highest frequency of resistance to ceftazidime and the lower frequency of resistance to chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and no resistance to minocycline. The predominant antibiotic resistance genes among the 200 isolates were the smeF gene (91.5%), followed by bla(L1) and bla(L2) genes (43% and 10%), respectively. Other antibiotic resistance genes detected were floR (8.5%), intI1 (7%), sul1 (6%), mfsA (4%) and sul2 (2%). Most S. maltophilia isolates could produce biofilm and could swim in a semisolid medium, however, none of the isolates could swarm. All isolates were positive for hemolysin production, whereas 91.5% and 22.5% of isolates could release protease and lipase enzymes, respectively. In MLST analysis, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed among the 200 S. maltophilia isolates. One hundred and forty-one sequence types (STs), including 130 novel STs, were identified and categorized into six different clonal complex groups. The differences in drug resistance patterns and genetic profiles exhibited various phenotypes of biofilm formation, motility, toxin, and enzymes production which support this bacterium in its virulence and pathogenicity. This study reviewed the characteristics of genotypes and phenotypes of S. maltophilia from Thailand which is necessary for the control and prevention of S. maltophilia local spreading. MDPI 2023-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9951947/ /pubmed/36830320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020410 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yinsai, Orathai
Deeudom, Manu
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title_full Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title_fullStr Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title_full_unstemmed Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title_short Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting
title_sort genotypic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence phenotypes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates from a thai university hospital setting
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951947/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020410
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