Cargando…

An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation

Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ribaudo, Giovanni, Gianoncelli, Alessandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951981/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288
_version_ 1784893515893833728
author Ribaudo, Giovanni
Gianoncelli, Alessandra
author_facet Ribaudo, Giovanni
Gianoncelli, Alessandra
author_sort Ribaudo, Giovanni
collection PubMed
description Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in conjunction with the progression of the so-called “aging clocks”. Rejuvenation aims to influence the natural evolution of such aging clocks and to enhance regenerative capacity, thus overcoming the limitations of common anti-aging interventions. Current rejuvenation processes are based on heterochronic parabiosis, cell damage dilution through asymmetrical cell division, the excretion of extracellular vesicles, the modulation of genetic instability involving G-quadruplexes and DNA methylation, and cell reprogramming using Yamanaka factors and the actions of antioxidant species. In this context, we reviewed the most recent contributions that report on small molecules acting as senotherapeutics; these molecules act by promoting one or more of the abovementioned processes. Candidate drugs and natural compounds that are being studied as potential rejuvenation therapies act by interfering with CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) expression, G-quadruplex structures, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial decay. Moreover, direct and indirect antioxidants have been reported to counteract or revert aging through a combination of mixed mechanisms.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9951981
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-99519812023-02-25 An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation Ribaudo, Giovanni Gianoncelli, Alessandra Antioxidants (Basel) Review Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in conjunction with the progression of the so-called “aging clocks”. Rejuvenation aims to influence the natural evolution of such aging clocks and to enhance regenerative capacity, thus overcoming the limitations of common anti-aging interventions. Current rejuvenation processes are based on heterochronic parabiosis, cell damage dilution through asymmetrical cell division, the excretion of extracellular vesicles, the modulation of genetic instability involving G-quadruplexes and DNA methylation, and cell reprogramming using Yamanaka factors and the actions of antioxidant species. In this context, we reviewed the most recent contributions that report on small molecules acting as senotherapeutics; these molecules act by promoting one or more of the abovementioned processes. Candidate drugs and natural compounds that are being studied as potential rejuvenation therapies act by interfering with CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) expression, G-quadruplex structures, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial decay. Moreover, direct and indirect antioxidants have been reported to counteract or revert aging through a combination of mixed mechanisms. MDPI 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9951981/ /pubmed/36829846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ribaudo, Giovanni
Gianoncelli, Alessandra
An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title_full An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title_fullStr An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title_full_unstemmed An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title_short An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
title_sort updated overview on the role of small molecules and natural compounds in the “young science” of rejuvenation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951981/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288
work_keys_str_mv AT ribaudogiovanni anupdatedoverviewontheroleofsmallmoleculesandnaturalcompoundsintheyoungscienceofrejuvenation
AT gianoncellialessandra anupdatedoverviewontheroleofsmallmoleculesandnaturalcompoundsintheyoungscienceofrejuvenation
AT ribaudogiovanni updatedoverviewontheroleofsmallmoleculesandnaturalcompoundsintheyoungscienceofrejuvenation
AT gianoncellialessandra updatedoverviewontheroleofsmallmoleculesandnaturalcompoundsintheyoungscienceofrejuvenation