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An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation
Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951981/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288 |
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author | Ribaudo, Giovanni Gianoncelli, Alessandra |
author_facet | Ribaudo, Giovanni Gianoncelli, Alessandra |
author_sort | Ribaudo, Giovanni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in conjunction with the progression of the so-called “aging clocks”. Rejuvenation aims to influence the natural evolution of such aging clocks and to enhance regenerative capacity, thus overcoming the limitations of common anti-aging interventions. Current rejuvenation processes are based on heterochronic parabiosis, cell damage dilution through asymmetrical cell division, the excretion of extracellular vesicles, the modulation of genetic instability involving G-quadruplexes and DNA methylation, and cell reprogramming using Yamanaka factors and the actions of antioxidant species. In this context, we reviewed the most recent contributions that report on small molecules acting as senotherapeutics; these molecules act by promoting one or more of the abovementioned processes. Candidate drugs and natural compounds that are being studied as potential rejuvenation therapies act by interfering with CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) expression, G-quadruplex structures, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial decay. Moreover, direct and indirect antioxidants have been reported to counteract or revert aging through a combination of mixed mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9951981 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99519812023-02-25 An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation Ribaudo, Giovanni Gianoncelli, Alessandra Antioxidants (Basel) Review Aging is a gradual process that occurs over time which leads to a progressive decline of cells and tissues. Telomere shortening, genetic instability, epigenetic alteration, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins represent the main hallmarks that cause perturbed cellular functions; this occurs in conjunction with the progression of the so-called “aging clocks”. Rejuvenation aims to influence the natural evolution of such aging clocks and to enhance regenerative capacity, thus overcoming the limitations of common anti-aging interventions. Current rejuvenation processes are based on heterochronic parabiosis, cell damage dilution through asymmetrical cell division, the excretion of extracellular vesicles, the modulation of genetic instability involving G-quadruplexes and DNA methylation, and cell reprogramming using Yamanaka factors and the actions of antioxidant species. In this context, we reviewed the most recent contributions that report on small molecules acting as senotherapeutics; these molecules act by promoting one or more of the abovementioned processes. Candidate drugs and natural compounds that are being studied as potential rejuvenation therapies act by interfering with CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) expression, G-quadruplex structures, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial decay. Moreover, direct and indirect antioxidants have been reported to counteract or revert aging through a combination of mixed mechanisms. MDPI 2023-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9951981/ /pubmed/36829846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ribaudo, Giovanni Gianoncelli, Alessandra An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title | An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title_full | An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title_fullStr | An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title_full_unstemmed | An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title_short | An Updated Overview on the Role of Small Molecules and Natural Compounds in the “Young Science” of Rejuvenation |
title_sort | updated overview on the role of small molecules and natural compounds in the “young science” of rejuvenation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951981/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020288 |
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