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Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) serve as nanoparticles due to their size, and for that reason, when in contact with the biological system, they can have toxic effects. One of the main mechanisms responsible for nanotoxicity is oxidative stress resulting from the production of intracellular re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020464 |
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author | Florek, Ewa Witkowska, Marta Szukalska, Marta Richter, Magdalena Trzeciak, Tomasz Miechowicz, Izabela Marszałek, Andrzej Piekoszewski, Wojciech Wyrwa, Zuzanna Giersig, Michael |
author_facet | Florek, Ewa Witkowska, Marta Szukalska, Marta Richter, Magdalena Trzeciak, Tomasz Miechowicz, Izabela Marszałek, Andrzej Piekoszewski, Wojciech Wyrwa, Zuzanna Giersig, Michael |
author_sort | Florek, Ewa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) serve as nanoparticles due to their size, and for that reason, when in contact with the biological system, they can have toxic effects. One of the main mechanisms responsible for nanotoxicity is oxidative stress resulting from the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers are important tools for assessing MWCNTs toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in male rats. Our animal model studies of MWCNTs (diameter ~15–30 nm, length ~15–20 μm) include measurement of oxidative stress parameters in the body fluid and tissues of animals after long-term exposure. Rattus Norvegicus/Wistar male rats were administrated a single injection to the knee joint at three concentrations: 0.03 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL. The rats were euthanized 12 and 18 months post-exposure by drawing blood from the heart, and their liver and kidney tissues were removed. To evaluate toxicity, the enzymatic activity of total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S–transferase (GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase (CAT) was measured and histopathological examination was conducted. Results in rat livers showed that TEAC level was decreased in rats receiving nanotubes at higher concentrations. Results in kidneys report that the level of NO showed higher concentration after long exposure, and results in animal serums showed lower levels of GSH in rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations. The 18-month exposure also resulted in a statistically significant increase in GST activity in the group of rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations compared to animals receiving MWCNTs at lower concentrations and compared to the control group. Therefore, an analysis of oxidative stress parameters can be a key indicator of the toxic potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9952213 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99522132023-02-25 Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats Florek, Ewa Witkowska, Marta Szukalska, Marta Richter, Magdalena Trzeciak, Tomasz Miechowicz, Izabela Marszałek, Andrzej Piekoszewski, Wojciech Wyrwa, Zuzanna Giersig, Michael Antioxidants (Basel) Article Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) serve as nanoparticles due to their size, and for that reason, when in contact with the biological system, they can have toxic effects. One of the main mechanisms responsible for nanotoxicity is oxidative stress resulting from the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers are important tools for assessing MWCNTs toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in male rats. Our animal model studies of MWCNTs (diameter ~15–30 nm, length ~15–20 μm) include measurement of oxidative stress parameters in the body fluid and tissues of animals after long-term exposure. Rattus Norvegicus/Wistar male rats were administrated a single injection to the knee joint at three concentrations: 0.03 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL. The rats were euthanized 12 and 18 months post-exposure by drawing blood from the heart, and their liver and kidney tissues were removed. To evaluate toxicity, the enzymatic activity of total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S–transferase (GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase (CAT) was measured and histopathological examination was conducted. Results in rat livers showed that TEAC level was decreased in rats receiving nanotubes at higher concentrations. Results in kidneys report that the level of NO showed higher concentration after long exposure, and results in animal serums showed lower levels of GSH in rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations. The 18-month exposure also resulted in a statistically significant increase in GST activity in the group of rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations compared to animals receiving MWCNTs at lower concentrations and compared to the control group. Therefore, an analysis of oxidative stress parameters can be a key indicator of the toxic potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. MDPI 2023-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9952213/ /pubmed/36830022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020464 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Florek, Ewa Witkowska, Marta Szukalska, Marta Richter, Magdalena Trzeciak, Tomasz Miechowicz, Izabela Marszałek, Andrzej Piekoszewski, Wojciech Wyrwa, Zuzanna Giersig, Michael Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title | Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title_full | Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title_short | Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats |
title_sort | oxidative stress in long-term exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in male rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952213/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020464 |
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