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Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types

Bone fractures are among the most common and potentially serious injuries to the skeleton, femoral shaft fractures being especially severe. Thanks to recent advances in the area of in silico analysis, several approximations of the bone healing process have been achieved. In this context, the objecti...

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Autores principales: Naveiro, José M., Gracia, Luis, Roces, Jorge, Albareda, Jorge, Puértolas, Sergio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829684
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020190
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author Naveiro, José M.
Gracia, Luis
Roces, Jorge
Albareda, Jorge
Puértolas, Sergio
author_facet Naveiro, José M.
Gracia, Luis
Roces, Jorge
Albareda, Jorge
Puértolas, Sergio
author_sort Naveiro, José M.
collection PubMed
description Bone fractures are among the most common and potentially serious injuries to the skeleton, femoral shaft fractures being especially severe. Thanks to recent advances in the area of in silico analysis, several approximations of the bone healing process have been achieved. In this context, the objective of this work was to simulate the initial phase of callus formation in long bones, without a pre-meshed domain in the 3D space. A finite element approach was computationally implemented to obtain the values of the cell concentrations along the whole domain and evaluate the areas where the biological quantities reached the thresholds necessary to trigger callus growth. A voxel model was used to obtain the 3D domain of the bone fragments and callus. A mesh growth algorithm controlled the addition of new elements to the domain at each step of the iterative procedure until complete callus formation. The implemented approach is able to reproduce the generation of the primary callus, which corresponds to the initial phase of fracture healing, independently of the fracture type and complexity, even in the case of several bone fragments. The proposed approach can be applied to the most complex bone fractures such as oblique, severely comminuted or spiral-type fractures, whose simulation remains hardly possible by means of the different existing approaches available to date.
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spelling pubmed-99522232023-02-25 Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types Naveiro, José M. Gracia, Luis Roces, Jorge Albareda, Jorge Puértolas, Sergio Bioengineering (Basel) Article Bone fractures are among the most common and potentially serious injuries to the skeleton, femoral shaft fractures being especially severe. Thanks to recent advances in the area of in silico analysis, several approximations of the bone healing process have been achieved. In this context, the objective of this work was to simulate the initial phase of callus formation in long bones, without a pre-meshed domain in the 3D space. A finite element approach was computationally implemented to obtain the values of the cell concentrations along the whole domain and evaluate the areas where the biological quantities reached the thresholds necessary to trigger callus growth. A voxel model was used to obtain the 3D domain of the bone fragments and callus. A mesh growth algorithm controlled the addition of new elements to the domain at each step of the iterative procedure until complete callus formation. The implemented approach is able to reproduce the generation of the primary callus, which corresponds to the initial phase of fracture healing, independently of the fracture type and complexity, even in the case of several bone fragments. The proposed approach can be applied to the most complex bone fractures such as oblique, severely comminuted or spiral-type fractures, whose simulation remains hardly possible by means of the different existing approaches available to date. MDPI 2023-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9952223/ /pubmed/36829684 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020190 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Naveiro, José M.
Gracia, Luis
Roces, Jorge
Albareda, Jorge
Puértolas, Sergio
Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title_full Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title_short Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types
title_sort three-dimensional computational model simulating the initial callus growth during fracture healing in long bones: application to different fracture types
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829684
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020190
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