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Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology
As the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections is of worldwide concern, phenotype and genotype in prevalent MRSA strains require longitudinal investigation. In this study, the antibiotic resistance, virulence gene acquisition, and molecular type were determined on a large scale of nosocomial...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020368 |
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author | Liu, Junyan Huang, Tengyi Soteyome, Thanapop Miao, Jian Yu, Guangchao Chen, Dingqiang Ye, Congxiu Yang, Ling Xu, Zhenbo |
author_facet | Liu, Junyan Huang, Tengyi Soteyome, Thanapop Miao, Jian Yu, Guangchao Chen, Dingqiang Ye, Congxiu Yang, Ling Xu, Zhenbo |
author_sort | Liu, Junyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | As the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections is of worldwide concern, phenotype and genotype in prevalent MRSA strains require longitudinal investigation. In this study, the antibiotic resistance, virulence gene acquisition, and molecular type were determined on a large scale of nosocomial S. aureus strains in Southern China during 2009–2015. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antibiotics were tested by Vitek-2. Virulence genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE), exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) were detected by PCR, with SCCmec typing also conducted by multiplex PCR strategy. Genotypes were discriminated by MLST and spaA typing. MLST was performed by amplification of the internal region of seven housekeeping genes. PCR amplification targeting the spa gene was performed for spa typing. No resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, or quinupristin and increase in the resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (55.5%) were identified. A total of nine SCCmec types and subtypes, thirteen STs clustered into thirteen spa types were identified, with ST239-SCCmec III-t037 presenting the predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clone. Typically, SCCmec type IX and ST546 were emergent types in China. Isolates positive for both pvl and tsst genes and for both eta and etb genes were also identified. Important findings in this study include: firstly, we have provided comprehensive knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Southern China which fills the gap since 2006 or 2010 from previous studies. Secondly, we have presented the correlation between virulence factors (four major groups) and genotypes (SCCmec, ST and spa types). Thirdly, we have shown evidence for earliest emergence of type I SCCmec from 2012, type VI from 2009 and type XI from 2012 in MRSA from Southern China. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9952273 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99522732023-02-25 Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology Liu, Junyan Huang, Tengyi Soteyome, Thanapop Miao, Jian Yu, Guangchao Chen, Dingqiang Ye, Congxiu Yang, Ling Xu, Zhenbo Antibiotics (Basel) Article As the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections is of worldwide concern, phenotype and genotype in prevalent MRSA strains require longitudinal investigation. In this study, the antibiotic resistance, virulence gene acquisition, and molecular type were determined on a large scale of nosocomial S. aureus strains in Southern China during 2009–2015. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antibiotics were tested by Vitek-2. Virulence genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE), exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) were detected by PCR, with SCCmec typing also conducted by multiplex PCR strategy. Genotypes were discriminated by MLST and spaA typing. MLST was performed by amplification of the internal region of seven housekeeping genes. PCR amplification targeting the spa gene was performed for spa typing. No resistance to vancomycin, linezolid, or quinupristin and increase in the resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (55.5%) were identified. A total of nine SCCmec types and subtypes, thirteen STs clustered into thirteen spa types were identified, with ST239-SCCmec III-t037 presenting the predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clone. Typically, SCCmec type IX and ST546 were emergent types in China. Isolates positive for both pvl and tsst genes and for both eta and etb genes were also identified. Important findings in this study include: firstly, we have provided comprehensive knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Southern China which fills the gap since 2006 or 2010 from previous studies. Secondly, we have presented the correlation between virulence factors (four major groups) and genotypes (SCCmec, ST and spa types). Thirdly, we have shown evidence for earliest emergence of type I SCCmec from 2012, type VI from 2009 and type XI from 2012 in MRSA from Southern China. MDPI 2023-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9952273/ /pubmed/36830279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020368 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Junyan Huang, Tengyi Soteyome, Thanapop Miao, Jian Yu, Guangchao Chen, Dingqiang Ye, Congxiu Yang, Ling Xu, Zhenbo Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title | Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title_full | Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title_short | Antimicrobial Resistance, SCCmec, Virulence and Genotypes of MRSA in Southern China for 7 Years: Filling the Gap of Molecular Epidemiology |
title_sort | antimicrobial resistance, sccmec, virulence and genotypes of mrsa in southern china for 7 years: filling the gap of molecular epidemiology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952273/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020368 |
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