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NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a ubiquitous metabolite that takes part in many key redox reactions. NAD(+) biosynthesis and NAD(+)-consuming enzymes have been attracting markedly increasing interest since they have been demonstrated to be involved in several crucial biological pathway...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020376 |
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author | Campagna, Roberto Vignini, Arianna |
author_facet | Campagna, Roberto Vignini, Arianna |
author_sort | Campagna, Roberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a ubiquitous metabolite that takes part in many key redox reactions. NAD(+) biosynthesis and NAD(+)-consuming enzymes have been attracting markedly increasing interest since they have been demonstrated to be involved in several crucial biological pathways, impacting genes transcription, cellular signaling, and cell cycle regulation. As a consequence, many pathological conditions are associated with an impairment of intracellular NAD(+) levels, directly or indirectly, which include cardiovascular diseases, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. In this review, we describe the general pathways involved in the NAD(+) biosynthesis starting from the different precursors, analyzing the actual state-of-art of the administration of NAD(+) precursors or blocking NAD(+)-dependent enzymes as strategies to increase the intracellular NAD(+) levels or to counteract the decline in NAD(+) levels associated with ageing. Subsequently, we focus on the disease-related and age-related alterations of NAD(+) homeostasis and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes in endothelium and the consequent vascular dysfunction, which significantly contributes to a wide group of pathological disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9952603 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99526032023-02-25 NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health Campagna, Roberto Vignini, Arianna Antioxidants (Basel) Review Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a ubiquitous metabolite that takes part in many key redox reactions. NAD(+) biosynthesis and NAD(+)-consuming enzymes have been attracting markedly increasing interest since they have been demonstrated to be involved in several crucial biological pathways, impacting genes transcription, cellular signaling, and cell cycle regulation. As a consequence, many pathological conditions are associated with an impairment of intracellular NAD(+) levels, directly or indirectly, which include cardiovascular diseases, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. In this review, we describe the general pathways involved in the NAD(+) biosynthesis starting from the different precursors, analyzing the actual state-of-art of the administration of NAD(+) precursors or blocking NAD(+)-dependent enzymes as strategies to increase the intracellular NAD(+) levels or to counteract the decline in NAD(+) levels associated with ageing. Subsequently, we focus on the disease-related and age-related alterations of NAD(+) homeostasis and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes in endothelium and the consequent vascular dysfunction, which significantly contributes to a wide group of pathological disorders. MDPI 2023-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9952603/ /pubmed/36829935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020376 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Campagna, Roberto Vignini, Arianna NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title | NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title_full | NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title_fullStr | NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title_full_unstemmed | NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title_short | NAD(+) Homeostasis and NAD(+)-Consuming Enzymes: Implications for Vascular Health |
title_sort | nad(+) homeostasis and nad(+)-consuming enzymes: implications for vascular health |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952603/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020376 |
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