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Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair

Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible...

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Autores principales: Chen, Li, Wei, Li, Su, Xudong, Qin, Leilei, Xu, Zhenghao, Huang, Xiao, Chen, Hong, Hu, Ning
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020213
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author Chen, Li
Wei, Li
Su, Xudong
Qin, Leilei
Xu, Zhenghao
Huang, Xiao
Chen, Hong
Hu, Ning
author_facet Chen, Li
Wei, Li
Su, Xudong
Qin, Leilei
Xu, Zhenghao
Huang, Xiao
Chen, Hong
Hu, Ning
author_sort Chen, Li
collection PubMed
description Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering.
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spelling pubmed-99528042023-02-25 Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair Chen, Li Wei, Li Su, Xudong Qin, Leilei Xu, Zhenghao Huang, Xiao Chen, Hong Hu, Ning Bioengineering (Basel) Review Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions are reaching an advanced stage, current clinical therapies to repair defects are in their infancy. Among the possible therapies, OC tissue engineering has shown considerable promise, and multiple approaches utilizing scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors have been pursued. The most recent trend in OC tissue engineering has been to design gradient scaffolds using different materials and construction strategies (such as bi-layered, multi-layered, and continuous gradient structures) to mimic the physiological and mechanical properties of OC tissues while further enabling OC repair. This review focuses specifically on design and construction strategies for gradient scaffolds and their role in the successful engineering of OC tissues. The current dilemmas in the field of OC defect repair and the efforts of tissue engineering to address these challenges were reviewed. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the typical fabrication techniques for gradient scaffolds were discussed, with examples of recent studies summarizing the future prospects for integrated gradient scaffold construction. This updated and enlightening review could provide insights into our current understanding of gradient scaffolds in OC tissue engineering. MDPI 2023-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9952804/ /pubmed/36829707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020213 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chen, Li
Wei, Li
Su, Xudong
Qin, Leilei
Xu, Zhenghao
Huang, Xiao
Chen, Hong
Hu, Ning
Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title_full Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title_fullStr Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title_short Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Functional Scaffold with Gradient Structure for Osteochondral Defect Repair
title_sort preparation and characterization of biomimetic functional scaffold with gradient structure for osteochondral defect repair
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36829707
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020213
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