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Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment

The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surfac...

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Autores principales: Dammak, Azza, Pastrana, Cristina, Martin-Gil, Alba, Carpena-Torres, Carlos, Peral Cerda, Assumpta, Simovart, Mirjam, Alarma, Pilar, Huete-Toral, Fernando, Carracedo, Gonzalo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830827
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020292
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author Dammak, Azza
Pastrana, Cristina
Martin-Gil, Alba
Carpena-Torres, Carlos
Peral Cerda, Assumpta
Simovart, Mirjam
Alarma, Pilar
Huete-Toral, Fernando
Carracedo, Gonzalo
author_facet Dammak, Azza
Pastrana, Cristina
Martin-Gil, Alba
Carpena-Torres, Carlos
Peral Cerda, Assumpta
Simovart, Mirjam
Alarma, Pilar
Huete-Toral, Fernando
Carracedo, Gonzalo
author_sort Dammak, Azza
collection PubMed
description The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age. Furthermore, oxidative stress is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are involved in anterior ocular disease progression such as dry eye, keratoconus, uveitis, and cataract. The different pathologies are interconnected through various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress making the diagnostics more relevant in early stages. The end point of the molecular pathway is the release of different antioxidant biomarkers offering the potential of predictive diagnostics of the pathology. In this review, we have analysed the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the front of the eye to provide a better understanding of the pathomechanism, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis of eye diseases, and the recent treatment of anterior ocular diseases.
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spelling pubmed-99529312023-02-25 Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment Dammak, Azza Pastrana, Cristina Martin-Gil, Alba Carpena-Torres, Carlos Peral Cerda, Assumpta Simovart, Mirjam Alarma, Pilar Huete-Toral, Fernando Carracedo, Gonzalo Biomedicines Review The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many molecular interactions. The biomolecular cascade modification is caused especially in diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, and lens. In fact, the injury in the anterior segment of the eye takes its origin from the perturbation of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and leads to increased oxidative damage, especially when the first line of antioxidant defence weakens with age. Furthermore, oxidative stress is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are involved in anterior ocular disease progression such as dry eye, keratoconus, uveitis, and cataract. The different pathologies are interconnected through various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress making the diagnostics more relevant in early stages. The end point of the molecular pathway is the release of different antioxidant biomarkers offering the potential of predictive diagnostics of the pathology. In this review, we have analysed the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the front of the eye to provide a better understanding of the pathomechanism, the importance of biomarkers for the diagnosis of eye diseases, and the recent treatment of anterior ocular diseases. MDPI 2023-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9952931/ /pubmed/36830827 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020292 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dammak, Azza
Pastrana, Cristina
Martin-Gil, Alba
Carpena-Torres, Carlos
Peral Cerda, Assumpta
Simovart, Mirjam
Alarma, Pilar
Huete-Toral, Fernando
Carracedo, Gonzalo
Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title_full Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title_short Oxidative Stress in the Anterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnostic and Treatment
title_sort oxidative stress in the anterior ocular diseases: diagnostic and treatment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9952931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830827
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020292
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