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Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender
Mitochondria are widely considered the “power hub” of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeost...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953029/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830595 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020226 |
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author | Makinde, Emmanuel Ma, Linlin Mellick, George D. Feng, Yunjiang |
author_facet | Makinde, Emmanuel Ma, Linlin Mellick, George D. Feng, Yunjiang |
author_sort | Makinde, Emmanuel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mitochondria are widely considered the “power hub” of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, and cell apoptosis. The mitochondria also perform crucial multifaceted roles in biosynthetic pathways, serving as an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, amino acid, glucose, and heme. Since mitochondria play multiple vital roles in the cell, it is not surprising that disruption of mitochondrial function has been linked to a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the key physiological and pathological functions of mitochondria and present bioactive compounds with protective effects on the mitochondria and their mechanisms of action. We highlight promising compounds and existing difficulties limiting the therapeutic use of these compounds and potential solutions. We also provide insights and perspectives into future research windows on mitochondrial modulators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9953029 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99530292023-02-25 Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender Makinde, Emmanuel Ma, Linlin Mellick, George D. Feng, Yunjiang Biomolecules Review Mitochondria are widely considered the “power hub” of the cell because of their pivotal roles in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, beyond the production of ATP, which is the major source of chemical energy supply in eukaryotes, mitochondria are also central to calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, and cell apoptosis. The mitochondria also perform crucial multifaceted roles in biosynthetic pathways, serving as an important source of building blocks for the biosynthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, amino acid, glucose, and heme. Since mitochondria play multiple vital roles in the cell, it is not surprising that disruption of mitochondrial function has been linked to a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the key physiological and pathological functions of mitochondria and present bioactive compounds with protective effects on the mitochondria and their mechanisms of action. We highlight promising compounds and existing difficulties limiting the therapeutic use of these compounds and potential solutions. We also provide insights and perspectives into future research windows on mitochondrial modulators. MDPI 2023-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9953029/ /pubmed/36830595 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020226 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Makinde, Emmanuel Ma, Linlin Mellick, George D. Feng, Yunjiang Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title | Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title_full | Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title_short | Mitochondrial Modulators: The Defender |
title_sort | mitochondrial modulators: the defender |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953029/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830595 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020226 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT makindeemmanuel mitochondrialmodulatorsthedefender AT malinlin mitochondrialmodulatorsthedefender AT mellickgeorged mitochondrialmodulatorsthedefender AT fengyunjiang mitochondrialmodulatorsthedefender |