Tenascin C in Lung Diseases

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Tenascin C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix protein involved in numerous cellular processes in development and can be increased in disease; however, its role in lung diseases is less advanced. In this study, we investigated the expression of TNC during lung development, and in the lungs of offspring following maternal particulate matter (PM) exposure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. We found that TNC is increased during lung development, in offspring from PM-exposed dams, and in asthma, COPD, and lung cancer tissues. Therefore, targeting TNC may provide a novel therapeutic target for lung diseases. ABSTRACT: Tenascin C (TNC) is a multifunctional large extracellular matrix protein involved in numerous cellular processes in embryonic development and can be increased in disease, or under conditions of trauma or cell stress in adults. However, the role of TNC in lung diseases remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of TNC during development, in offspring following maternal particulate matter (PM) exposure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. TNC expression is increased during lung development in biopsy cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and epithelial cells. Maternal PM exposure increased TNC and collagen deposition, which was not affected by the removal of PM exposure after pregnancy. TNC expression was also increased in basal epithelial cells and fibroblasts in patients with asthma and AT2 and endothelial cells in patients with COPD. Furthermore, there was an increase in the expression of TNC in stage II compared to stage IA lung cancer; however, overall survival analysis showed no correlation between levels of TNC and survival. In conclusion, TNC is increased during lung development, in offspring following maternal PM exposure, and in asthma, COPD, and lung cancer tissues. Therefore, targeting TNC may provide a novel therapeutic target for lung diseases.