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Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors
Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the genera...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020206 |
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author | Min, Hayeon Zhu, Sophie Safi, Lydia Alkourdi, Munzer Nguyen, Bich Hong Upadhyay, Akshaya Tran, Simon D. |
author_facet | Min, Hayeon Zhu, Sophie Safi, Lydia Alkourdi, Munzer Nguyen, Bich Hong Upadhyay, Akshaya Tran, Simon D. |
author_sort | Min, Hayeon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the general population, followed by the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. We searched the literature for pediatric applications of salivary biomarkers, more specifically, in children from 0 to 18 years old. The use of those biomarkers spans autoimmune, developmental disorders, oncology, neuropsychiatry, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, and oral diseases. Four major applications of salivary proteins as biomarkers are: (1) dental health (caries, stress from orthodontic appliances, and gingivitis); (2) gastrointestinal conditions (eosinophilic esophagitis, acid reflux, appendicitis); (3) metabolic conditions (obesity, diabetes); and (4) respiratory conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, small airway inflammation, pneumonia). Genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, are various other classifications for biosensing based on the type of biomarkers used and reviewed here. Lastly, we describe the recent advances in pediatric biosensing applications using saliva. This work guides scientists in fabricating saliva-based biosensors by comprehensively overviewing the potential markers and techniques that can be employed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9953390 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99533902023-02-25 Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors Min, Hayeon Zhu, Sophie Safi, Lydia Alkourdi, Munzer Nguyen, Bich Hong Upadhyay, Akshaya Tran, Simon D. Biosensors (Basel) Review Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the general population, followed by the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. We searched the literature for pediatric applications of salivary biomarkers, more specifically, in children from 0 to 18 years old. The use of those biomarkers spans autoimmune, developmental disorders, oncology, neuropsychiatry, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, and oral diseases. Four major applications of salivary proteins as biomarkers are: (1) dental health (caries, stress from orthodontic appliances, and gingivitis); (2) gastrointestinal conditions (eosinophilic esophagitis, acid reflux, appendicitis); (3) metabolic conditions (obesity, diabetes); and (4) respiratory conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, small airway inflammation, pneumonia). Genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, are various other classifications for biosensing based on the type of biomarkers used and reviewed here. Lastly, we describe the recent advances in pediatric biosensing applications using saliva. This work guides scientists in fabricating saliva-based biosensors by comprehensively overviewing the potential markers and techniques that can be employed. MDPI 2023-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9953390/ /pubmed/36831972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020206 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Min, Hayeon Zhu, Sophie Safi, Lydia Alkourdi, Munzer Nguyen, Bich Hong Upadhyay, Akshaya Tran, Simon D. Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title_full | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title_fullStr | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title_short | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
title_sort | salivary diagnostics in pediatrics and the status of saliva-based biosensors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9953390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36831972 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020206 |
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