Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition and the Cortical Silent Period in Youth

Background: The cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) are putative markers of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA(B))-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. We aimed to assess the association between LICI and CSP in youths. Methods: We analyzed data from three previous studies of youth who underwent CSP and LICI measurements with transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography. We assessed CSP and LICI association using Spearman rank correlation tests and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Results: The sample included 16 healthy participants and 45 participants with depression. The general mean (SD) age was 15.5 (1.7), 14.3 (1.7) for healthy participants, and 15.9 (1.6) years for participants with depression. Measures were nonnormally distributed (Shapiro–Wilk, p < 0.001). CSP and LICI were not correlated at 100-millisecond (ρ = −0.2421, p = 0.06), 150-millisecond (ρ = −0.1612, p = 0.21), or 200-millisecond (ρ = −0.0507, p = 0.70) interstimulus intervals using Spearman rank correlation test. No correlations were found in the multiple regression analysis (p = 0.35). Conclusions: Although previous studies suggest that cortical silent period and long-interval intracortical inhibition measure GABA(B) receptor-mediated activity, these biomarkers were not associated in our sample of youths. Future studies should focus on the specific physiologic and pharmacodynamic properties assessed by CSP and LICI in younger populations.